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opened factory for largest jet engine ever made had to empower employees had staffers with FAA mechanics license vital decisions w/ minimal oversight self managed factory more wealth than anybody 1980 - 2000 |
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2 people or more associated outside organization |
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managers, subordinates, close association with org |
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4 stages of group development plus one |
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forming storming norming performing adjourning |
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group comes together shortest stage discovering boundaries |
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shed social facade starts arguements this stage most get stuck in |
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forming friendships norms and defining operating goals and procedures high energy |
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getting shit done HOW its getting done mature competent insightful group leaders become coaches and hlep members grow in skill/leadership |
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degree of comradery within group |
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cohesion can lead to what within group |
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identity moral bond w/ group share sense of purpose communication |
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fundamental factors of group cohesion 5 |
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similarity stability size support satisfaction |
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how is it possible to have too much cohesion |
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tendency to avoid critical evaluation of ideas the group favors |
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where is groupthink most common |
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less work effort when in group context |
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where is social loafing most common |
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anything that inhibits a group function |
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cohesive coalition working toward mutual goal more focus on joint goal or product smaller |
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difference between teams and groups |
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teams have a collaborative action and tasks and a common goal individuals in a group are only responsible for own area |
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they share rewards and compensation is based on shared outcomes not individual performance team members give up resources for the team |
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what is more widely used now teams or groups |
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what is more effective a group or a team |
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when will teams perform better |
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when goal is interdependent |
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production tasks idea generation tasks problem solving tasks |
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acutally making somehting product bulding marketing plan |
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when u need another member in order to get info support or materials |
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3 types of taks interdependence |
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pooled interdependence sequential interdependence reciprocal interdependence |
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working independently and simply pooling final products from each member |
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sequential interdependence |
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member 1 has inputs and an output which becomes member 2's input |
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reciprocal interdependence |
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team members working on each task simultaneously |
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rewards based on others' performances/inputs |
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divide tasks so that best people are in best positions |
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coordinator consul contributor calibrator completer critic communicator creator contractor cooperator |
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task oriented socially oriented boundary roles |
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contractor part of what type |
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creator part of what type |
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coordinator part of what type |
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completer part of what type |
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organizes timelines schedules product sequences |
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deals with changes in processs structure reframes goals |
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actually does shit - ideas into action |
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cooperator part of what type |
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communicator part of what ty pe |
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calibrator part of what type |
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supports those with expertise |
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targets collaboration humor open to sharing ideas |
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suggests changes initiates discussions about tension |
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coordinator part of what type |
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gather info from org and produce to team goals/activity/success manager position |
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interface with team to organization and connects with team |
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task force product development cross functional virtual top management |
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address specific issue until resolved |
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product development teams |
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teams from all over management and staff |
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management difficulty trust difficulty |
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most important for virtual team |
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manager led teams self managed teams |
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most natural kind of team |
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1980s total quality movement ongoing elect own leader |
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2 types of self managed teams |
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empowered team 4 characteristics |
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part of a self managed team responsibility and authority to reach goal higher risk of negative outcomes may have leader f rom org |
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self directed team 2 characteristics |
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part of a self managed team may decide overseer - NO OVERSIGHT |
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3 factors for designing team |
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how to figure what size team |
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establish norms team meetings |
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ensure cohesiveness contracts |
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help manage team agreements on roles and goals and rules |
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shared expectations about how things operate within a group or team. ensure coordination and cohesiveness |
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is it needed create agenda set reminder |
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on time follow agenda participation action items summarize end on time |
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follow up on action items |
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common problems faced by teams 4 |
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where to begin dominating members poor performance poorly managed team conflict |
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tried to get more money lost 443 million |
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intrapersonal interpersonal intergroup |
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within a person role conflict ambiguity |
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among coworkers competition |
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org. structure limited resources task interdependence incompatible goals personality diff communication problems |
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5 ways to manage conflict |
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change structure change composition of team create common opposing force majority rule problem solve |
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give two conflicted people similar goals |
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changing composition of team example |
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change physical layout change people |
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conflict handling styles 5 |
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accomodation collaboration compromise avoidance competition |
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helps to show that no person is completely wrong or right uncover root of problem |
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conflict handling styles based on what |
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cooperation competitiveness |
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if someone is hi in cooperation but low in competitiveness what are they |
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accommodating (giving in) |
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investigation determine batna presentation bargain closure |
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most overlooked factor of negotiation |
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best alternative to negotiated agreement |
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2 types of negotiation strategies |
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distributives strategy of negotiation |
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traditional fixed pie common MISTAKE |
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why is distributive strategy a mistake |
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limits creative solutions |
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integrative strategy of negotiation |
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most creative expand pie so both sides get more try to find a win win |
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5 mistakes in negotiation |
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accepting on first offer letting ego get in way unrealistic expectations overly emotional letting past affect present |
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arbitration mediations arbitration/mediation |
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alternative dispute resolutions help from specifically trained 3rd party |
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assists party to meet goals |
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judge that makes binding contract to adhere |
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go through arbitration then mediation if mediation is not met arbitration rules |
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what is most effective 3rd party |
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programmed decision non programed decision |
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auto response to routine shit (customer complains, free dessert) |
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3 categories of decision making |
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strategic tactical operational |
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sets course of org owner wants great customer service |
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how things will get done manager says free ice cream to whoever complains |
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daily decisions waiter decides if complaint is legit |
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rational decision making model steps 8 |
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ID need decision criteria weigh each factor generate alternatives evaluate alternatives best alternative execute alternative evaluate decision |
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why is the rational decision making model bad |
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too many unrealistic assumptions |
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which part of rational decision making modle is hardest |
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bounded rationality model |
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know limits of info and pick first acceptable option without exhaustive search for alternatives |
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suffice/satisfied good enough |
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no reasoning scan environment for clues recognize patterns |
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what is the most used model of decision making |
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5 steps to creative decision making process |
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ID problem immersion incubation illumination verification/application |
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3 parts to a creative decision |
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how different ideas are from eachother |
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overconfidence bias hindsight bias anchoring framing bias |
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relying too heavy on single pice of info |
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no surcharge but discount denial is ok |
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illusion of invulnarability collective rationalizations belief in morality stereotype of outgroups direct pressure self censorship illusion of unanimity emergence of mindguards |
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tools for better decisions 7 |
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NGT Delphi majority rule consensus GDSS decision tree knowledge management system |
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write down idea share generated idea discussion of each vote rank |
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most accurate tool for decisions |
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