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MGMT 414 Exam 2
Ch. 4,5,8,9
48
Management
Undergraduate 4
10/24/2013

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Cards

Term
Culture
Definition
acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate social behavior. This knowledge forms values, creates attitudes, and influences behavior.
Term
Universalism
Definition
ideas/practices can be applied everywhere
Term
Particularism
Definition
circumstances dictate how ideas/practices apply
Term
Individualism
Definition
people as individuals
Term
Communitarianism
Definition
people regard themselves as part of a group
Term
Neutral
Definition
culture in which emotions are not shown
Term
Emotional
Definition
emotions are expressed openly and naturally
Term
Specific
Definition
large public space shared with others and small private space guarded closely
Term
Diffuse
Definition
public and private spaces similar size, public space guarded because shared with private space.
Term
Achievement culture
Definition
people are accorded status based on how well perform functions
Term
Ascription culture
Definition
status based on who or what person is.
Term
Sequential
Definition
only one activity at a time; appointments kept strictly, follow plans as laid out (U.S.)
Term
Synchronous
Definition
multi-task, appointments are approximate, schedules subordinate to relationships (France, Mexico)
Term
Present more important
Definition
Venezuela, Indonesia
Term
Future more important
Definition
Italy, U.S., Germany
Term
Inner-directed
Definition
people believe in control of outcomes
Term
Outer-directed
Definition
people believe in letting things take own course
Term
Ethnocentric predisposition
Definition
A nationalistic philosophy of management whereby the values and interests of the parent company guide strategic decisions.
Term
Polycentric predisposition
Definition
A philosophy of management whereby strategic decisions are tailored to suit the cultures of the countries where the MNC operates.
Term
Regiocentric predisposition
Definition
A philosophy of management whereby the firm tries to blend its own interests with those of its subsidiaries on a regional basis.
Term
Geocentric predisposition
Definition
A philosophy of management whereby the company tries to integrate a global systems approach to decision making.
Term
The Globalization Imperative
Definition
a belief that one worldwide approach to doing business is key to efficiency and effectiveness.
Term
French
Definition
Avoid reasoning or logic
Advertising is predominantly emotional, dramatic, symbolic
Spots are viewed as cultural events – art for sake of money – and reviewed as if they were literatures or films
Term
British
Definition
Value laughter above all else
Typical broad, self-deprecating British commercial amuses by mocking both advertiser and consumer
Term
Germans
Definition
Want factual and rational advertising
Typical German spot features standard family of two parents, two children, and grandmother
Term
Strategic Management
Definition
the process of determining an organization’s basic mission and long-term objectives, then implementing a plan of action for pursuing the mission and attaining objectives.
Term
Economic imperative
Definition
worldwide strategy based on cost leadership, differentiation, and segmentation.
Term
Political imperative
Definition
strategy formulation and implementation utilizing strategies that are country-responsive and designed to protect local market niches.
Term
Quality imperative
Definition
strategic formulation and implementation utilizing strategies of TQM to meet or exceed customers’ expectations and continuously improve products or services. It takes two paths
Term
Administrative Coordination
Definition
approach to formulation and implementation is one in which the MNC makes strategic decisions based on the merits of the individual situation.
Term
Environmental scanning
Definition
the process of providing management with accurate forecasts of trends related to external changes in areas where the firm currently is doing business or is considering setting up operations.
Term
Strategy implementation
Definition
provides goods and services in accord with a plan of action.
Term
Alliance
Definition
any type of cooperative relationship among different firms.
Term
International joint venture (IJV)
Definition
agreements under which two or more partners from different countries own or control a business. There are two types of alliances and joint ventures
Term
Export arrangement
Definition
Export arrangement
Term
On-site manufacturing operations
Definition
In response to local governments when sales increase
Need to reduce transportation costs
Term
Subsidiary
Definition
Common for finance-related businesses or other operations that require onsite presence from start
Term
International Division Structure
Definition
Structural arrangement that handles all international operations out of a division created for this purpose
Term
International Div Structure Adv
Definition
Assures international focus receives top management attention
Unified approach to international operations
Often adopted by firms still in developmental states of international business operations
Term
International Div Structure DisAdv
Definition
Separates domestic from international managers
May find it difficult to think and act strategically, or to allocate resources on a global basis
Term
Global Structural Arrangements: Global Product Division
Definition
Structural arrangement in which domestic divisions are given worldwide responsibility for product groups.
Term
GSA Advantages
Definition
Global product divisions operate as profit centers
Helps manage product, technology, customer diversity
Ability to cater to local needs
Marketing, production and finance coordinated on product-by-product global basis
Term
GSA Disadvantages
Definition
Duplication of facilities and staff personnel within divisions
Division manager may pursue currently attractive geographic prospects and neglect others with long-term potential
Division managers may spend too much time tapping local rather than international markets
Term
Transnational Network Structures
Definition
Multinational structural arrangement combining elements of function, product, geographic design, while relying on network arrangement to link worldwide subsidiaries.
At center of the transnational network structures are nodes, which are units charged with coordinating product, functional, and geographic information
Different product line units and geographic area units have different structures depending on what is best for their particular operation
Term
“applicability”
Definition
You have to make sure the product suits the local culture.
Term
Availability
Definition
You have to make sure you sell in channels that are relevant to the local population
Term
Affordability
Definition
Some things easily affordable in western culture are not in poor cultures. Price/package accordingly
Term
Affinity
Definition
That means you want local employees
and local customers to feel close to your brand, and you need to understand how they live.
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