Term
| First Phase of Industrial Revolution (1760-1870) |
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Definition
- Transfer of Knowledge
- Study Tours
- Lunar society
- Industry Innovations
- Mining
- Metallurgy
- Steam Power
- Textile Manufacturing
- Factories
- Machine tools
- Transportation
- Navigable Rivers
- Roads
- Railways
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Term
| Second Phase of Industrial Revolution (1871-1914) |
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Definition
- Electricity
- Home and public life
- Electric Machines
- Communication
- Telephone and telegraph
- Printing press
- Radio
- Industry
- Steel
- Internal combustion engine
- Assembly line
- Urbanization & public transportation
- Entertainment
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Term
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Definition
| Used to measure global income equality. (100% = 1 person has everything, 0% = pure equality) |
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Definition
| Statistical tool used to measure human progress, shows increases in overall human welfare since 1900. |
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Definition
| Unit of human organization in which individuals and cultural groups can influence their circumstances and future. Sets boundaries between nations and resources. |
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Definition
| Coherent system of ideas, relying upon a few basic assumptions about reality that may or may not have any factual basis, but are subjective choices that serve as the seed around which further thought grows. Neither right nor wrong, but only a relativistic intellectual strategy for categorizing the world. |
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Term
| Characteristics of Ideologies |
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Definition
- Must have power over cognitions
- Must be capable of guding one's evaluations
- Must provide guidance towards action
- Must be logically coherent
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Term
| Theories of Leadership & Chance |
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Definition
- Leaders simply ride the wave of history (A. Toynbee)
- Great leaders themselves change history (T. Carlyle)
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Term
| Key environments of Business |
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Definition
- Economic
- Legal
- Governmental
- Technological
- Natural
- Cultural
- Internal
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Term
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Definition
- Board of Directors
- Managers
- Owners/Shareholders
- Employees
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Term
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Definition
- Emphasized the necessity of constant labor in a person's calling as a sign of personal salvation
- Work was a means of serving God and if a person earned great wealth through hard work, it was a sign of God's approval
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Definition
| The action or actions we take when we are with others |
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Definition
| The principles of right or good conduct governing business people and organizations |
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Definition
| Business should be conducted without reference to the full range of ethical standards, restraints, and ideals in society. (Adam Smith, Milton Friedman) |
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Definition
| One basic ethical standard exists; behavior and business decisions acted on basis of same principles. Popular among today's managers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Good and Evil are not compatible with each other. It is impossible to make good and bad actions at the same time. Using a bad means to achieve a good goal/end is bad. |
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Term
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Definition
| Good and Evil are compatible with each other and supplement each other. It is impossible to make good actions without doing something bad and vice versa. Using a bad means to achieve a good goal/end is good. |
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Term
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Definition
- English sociaist and social reformer
- Considered the father of cooperative movement and the Union
- Educated the young
- Sold quality goods at little more than cost, passing on the savings to customers
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Term
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Definition
- First experiment with socialism
- banned money and other commodities
- only lasted four years
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Term
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Definition
- Utopian commune practicing Communalism
- lasted 30 years
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Term
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Definition
Identity of the social class derived from its relationship to the means of production (as opposed to the notion that class is determined by wealth alone)
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Term
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Definition
| According to Marx: "Those individuals who sell their labor power and who do not own the neams of production" |
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Term
| The Bourgeoisie (Capitalists) |
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Definition
| According to Marx: "Those who own the means of production and buy labor power from the proletariat, who are recompensed by a salary, thus exploiting the workers" |
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Term
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Definition
| Unpaid labor appropriated by employers in the form of work-time and outputs, on the basis that employers own and supply the means of production worked with. |
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Term
| Socialist Mode of Production |
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Definition
| Meant to be a society based on worker's control of all production, witha property form equating consumption with productive labor. Merging of mental and manual labor is meant ot increase the level of productivity and quality of the productive forces. |
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Term
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Definition
- A political doctrine or philosophy that aims to defend the interests of the common people against an entrenched, self-serving or corrupt elite.
- Advocated government ownership of railroad, telegraph and telephone companies and banks
- Demanded direct election of US senators
- Sought to abandon the gold standard and expand the money supply
- Failed to forge an effective political coalition
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Term
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Definition
- Sought to cure social ills by using government to control perceived abuses of big business
- Used courts to break up trusts and monoplies
- Outlawed campaign contributions by corporations
- Restricted child labor
- Passed a corporate income tax
- Regulated food and drug companies and public utilities
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Term
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Definition
| Seen in cooperative tribal societies |
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Definition
| Develops when the tribe becomes a city-state. Aristocracy is born |
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Definition
| Aristocracy is the ruling class. Merchants develop into capitalists |
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Definition
| Capitalists are the ruling class, who create and employ the true working class |
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Definition
| Workers gain class consciousness and overthrow the capitalists |
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