Term
| When was Respondent Driven Sampling started? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some of the advantages of using Respondent Driven Sampling? |
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Definition
| It has been validated for selecting representative samples of hidden populations and for providing population-based estimates of relevant variables This has been observed in 123 surveillance activities in 28 countries |
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Term
| Why have expiration dates on the coupons? |
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Definition
| It has been reported that expiration date is associated with a 12% increase in sample size |
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Term
| When should Respondent Driven Sampling be used? |
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Definition
When there is no existing sampling frame;
In situations where accepting membership in a group could be threatening |
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Term
| Should first sample of seeds be chosen at random? |
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Definition
| It does not matter. RDS produces samples that are independent of the initial seed. |
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Term
| Where has Rapid Assessment been conducted? |
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Definition
| RA methods have been used in many different setting globally to understand the complex environment related to IDU. Between 1993 and 2001, a total of 83 RA have been conducted in 70 countries, with 25% of them being associated to the development of interventions or policy change |
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Term
| What is a Rapid Assessment? |
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Definition
| Set of methods used to depict the extent and nature of social and health problem and for suggesting ways in which they might be improved. Methods are applied to a specif location and to a specific health problem. A RA= needs assessment + resource assessment |
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Term
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Definition
1. Understad the nature of the problem and the factors that influence it
2. understand the adverce health consequences
3. Identify available resources to respond
4. id interventions that are adequate for a specific context |
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Term
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Definition
1. Feasibility
2. Id obstacles
3. Id appropriatness of intervetnions |
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Term
| What is a needs assessment? |
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Definition
| A systematic appraisal of the type, depth and scope of a problem |
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Term
| What is a resources assessment? |
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Definition
| A systematic approach to the response (people, funds, buildings, knowledge) available to ameliorate a problem. |
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Term
| Name some of the special fetures that differentiate a RA from other methods used in social sciences? |
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Definition
* fast
*uses existing information
* cost effective
*Inductiveinvestigates many level of society
*inductive
community involvment
* AIMS FOR ADEQUACY RATHER THAN PERFECTION. Reliability and validity are established by cross-checking (triangulation)
* multiple indicators and data sources are used |
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Term
| Why are different data sources used in a RA? |
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Definition
| Because there is no single method that can encompass all the aspects of a complex social problem. |
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Term
| What are the guiding principles of a public health response? |
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Definition
1. Assess risk factors
2. Minimise of prevent risk and harm
3. id and prevent risk at all levels
4. focus on populations at risk |
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Term
| Name two key determinants of effective service delivery |
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Definition
| Access and availability. Services require to make contact with the target population and then they need to be able to retain the target members. |
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Term
| What do we mean by key people? |
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Definition
*Fate keepers
*Funders
*Sponsors
All the above are stakeholders |
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Term
| Name the guiding principles in organising a rapid assessment |
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Definition
1. Local sensitivity
2. Recognition that the RA is ongoing
3. the need for support |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the process of generating hypothesis and looking for information to confirm or deny. |
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Term
| What type of existing information will we collect in the Ra? |
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Definition
1. Routinely collected data
2. Documentary data |
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Term
| Why do we use theoretical samples instead of probabilistic (representative) samples in a RA? |
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Definition
| We use theoretical sampling because ther is no money or time to undertake a probabilistic method and we do not have a sampling frame. Samples can still be representative of the sider social context |
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Term
| What is and why is purposive sampling used in a RA? |
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Definition
It is used when a quick understanding of the wider population is needed. People are selected as needed.
Advantages: speed and flexibility
Disadvantages: |
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Term
| How can we imporve sampling? |
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Definition
Use of key informatns
Mapping of location of cases |
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Term
| How to recruit key informats? |
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Definition
| KI are recruited based on purposive samplin. WE will get them as we need as as they become available. |
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Term
| Whu do we conduct interviews? |
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Definition
* people who already have had the esperience
*
Know local meanings and understandings of risk behavior and health consequences
* People who would often not be consultedby policy makers and planners |
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Term
| How we approach through interviews? |
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Definition
Unstructured interviews: to explore knowledge and understanding
Structured: to target specific topics |
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Term
| What type of bias is involved in an interview? |
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Definition
interviewer bias: when the experience or expectations of the interviewer affect the interview
informants bias: participants gives answers that he thinks the researcher wants to hear. |
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Term
| Name some methods that can be used to improve and interview |
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Definition
1. Mapping
2. Free listing
3. Pile sorting |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a set of individuals that are interviewed collectively because they share a common set of experience, knowledge, shill or background. Having one of this elements in common generates a focus of discussion and helps people express their experiences and beliefs. |
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Term
| Name some advantages of a focus groups discussion |
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Definition
Produce a lot of info quickly
Great method to id and explore KA and behaviors |
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Term
| What are some of the disadvantages of a focus group discussion |
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Definition
less control of the discussion
may be dominated by one individual
data CANNOT tell about the frequency of beliefs and behaviors |
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Term
| How are individuals selected for focus groups? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some of the bias introduced through observation? |
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Definition
selective observation
selective memory
change in behavior in people when they are being observed |
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Term
| What estimation techniques are used in a RA? |
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Definition
case finding and enumeration: assess prevalence of unique visible individuals.
capture-recapture
nomination: prevalence is estimated. multiplier is derived from KI
multiplier: for making informed assumptions. use reported hiv infection s as benchmark and % of injectors who shay they have been tested for HIV as multiplier
This methods areused given the difficulty in using other methods to estimate indicators of interest in this populations |
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