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| Refers to the consistency or stability of a measure of behavior. |
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| The real score of the variable |
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When the measurements of the variable prove to be reliable/unreliable.
EX: A intelligence test with significant measurement error will not be reliable. |
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| Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient |
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Definition
Represented with the symbol r, it is the most common correlation coefficient when discussing reliability.
Ranges from -1.00 to 0 to +1.00
+/- notes a positive or negative correlation
Closer it is to 1.00, the stronger the correlation. |
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Definition
A method to test Reliability.
Assessed by measuring the same individuals at two points of time. |
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| Internal Consistency Reliability |
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Definition
A way to measure reliability.
Most often found within surveys, it is when multiple items concerning the same variable are asked. Reliability is then measured when looking at the overall consistency of the answers.
EX: A questionnaire regarding personality (consisting of 100 questions) having 15 questions measuring extroversion. |
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Definition
The correlation of the total score on one half of the test with the total score on the other half.
EX: A q questionnaire regarding personality (consisting of 100 questions) randomly placing 7 questions regarding extroversion on each half of the test (Q. 1-50, Q. 51-100) |
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| The Correlation of each item on the measure with every other item on the measure. It is regarded as an item-total correlation. |
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| The extent to which raters agree in their observations. |
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| The content of the measure appears to reflect the construct being measured. |
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| The content of the measure is linked to the universe of content that defines the construct. |
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| Scores on the measure predict behavior on a criterion measured at a future time. |
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| Scores on the measure are related to a criterion measured at the same time (concurrently). |
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| Scores on the measure are related to other measures of the same construct. |
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| Scores on the measure are not related to other measures that are theoretically different. |
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| A measure is said to be reactive if awareness of being measured changes an individual's behavior. |
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| Indicates the number of individuals who receive each possible score on a variable. |
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| The three basic ways of describing results: |
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Definition
(1) Comparing group percentages
(2) Correlating scores of individuals on two variables.
(3) Comparing group means |
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| A graph that uses a line to represent the distribution of frequencies of scores. |
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Definition
Uses bars to display a frequency distribution for a quantitative variable.
However, this is should not be confused with a traditional bar graph. Traditional bar graphs typically have the the variables clearly labeled on the x-axis (EX: Liking/Disliking traveling) and the frequency on the y-axis. |
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| :Descriptive statistics are used by researchers to summarize and "describe" data found during research. Typically researchers deal with lots of data and descriptive statistics provide a way for the researchers to summarize the main properties of a large group of data into just a few numbers. This lets the researcher show what the data are without tons and tons of numbers. Some examples of descriptive statistics are frequency distributions, measures of center (i.e., mean, median, mode), range, and standard deviation. |
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| Tells us what the sample as a whole, or on the average, is like. |
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| The Three measures of Central tendency: |
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Definition
(1) Mean
(2) Median
(3) Mode |
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| Obtained by adding all the scores and dividing by the number of scores. |
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| The score that divides the group in half. |
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| A measure of variability is a number that characterizes the amount of spread in a distribution of scores. |
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| Indicates the average deviation of scores from the mean. |
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| The variance refers to the mean of all squared deviations from the mean. Taking the square root of the Variance will give you the standard deviation. |
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| The difference between the highest score and the lowest score. |
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| A Statistic that describes how strongly variables are related to one another. |
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| Where each pair of scores is plotted as a single point in a diagram. |
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| Occurs when the individuals in the sample are very similar on the variable being studying. |
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