Term
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Definition
"... the development of a plan for selecting and measuring the IV and DVs in order to answer resesarch questions about their relationship."
"specific set of tactics to carry out the strategy" |
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Term
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Definition
| "a general plan of attack" |
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Term
| Two basic Purposes of Research Design: |
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Definition
* Provide answers to research questions
* Control variance in the study (reduce or eliminate contamination of answer by extraneous variables) |
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Term
| Two Major Classes of General Design Principles: |
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Definition
*Group Designs
* Single-subject designs |
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Term
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Definition
* one or more groups are exposed to one or more levels of the IV
*The average of the group performance on the DV is examined to determine relationship between the IV and DV
*Between subjects (groups) design, within-subjects design, mixed designs |
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Term
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Definition
| * Focus on evaluating data of individual subjects |
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| Two criteria for evaluating Design (of General Design Principles) |
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Definition
* Internal Validity
*External Validity |
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Term
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Definition
| *Did the study answer research question and control variance appropriately? |
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Definition
| Degree to which generalization can be made outside of study confines. |
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Term
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Definition
*Performances of seperate groups of participants are measured and comparisons are made between the groups
*experimental: manipulation of active IV
*Descriptive: selection of levels of attribute IV |
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Term
Between-Subjects Designs:
Experimental Research |
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Definition
1. select values/levels of IVs to be compared
2. Select participants for experiments
3. Apply rules or procedures to assign participants to value of IVs
4. Specify observations/measurements to be made on each participant
5. usually only one measurement of DV per participant per group
6. statistical comparison of the group averages |
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Term
| Levels of Between-Subjects designs |
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Definition
*bivalent
*multivalent
*parametric |
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Term
| Equivalence of experimental and control groups |
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Definition
| control extraneous variables and systematic bias |
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Term
| techniques for controlling variables |
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Definition
* randomization
*matching- match participants on all extraneous variables considered relevant to experiment
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Term
| Matching overall distribution |
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Definition
* assemble experimental and control groups that have similar distributions of the extraneous variables (ex: same average and spread)
*Disadvantage: combinations of extraneous variables in individual participants may not be well matched for two groups. |
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Term
| Matching pairs of participants |
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Definition
*select participant for assignment to one group and find another whose constellation of extraneous variables is essentially the same for assignment to other group.
(more effective than overall matching, can result in non-equivalent groups with respect to unknown extraneous variables) |
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Term
| Matching and Randomization |
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Definition
* match pairs on extraneous variables known to relate with DV
* Random assignment of pair members to the two groups |
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Term
| When is Randomization preferred? |
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Definition
*Large number of participants
-decreases probability of both known and unknown extraneous variables
* More than one experiemental group compared to another control group
* Combination of matching and randomization preferred
*only when a small number of participants are available |
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