Term
1-1
What agency certifies weather observers? |
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Definition
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Term
| 1-2 Where shall certificates be available for review? |
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Definition
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Term
1-3
What are an observer's responsibilities? |
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Definition
1. Taking and disseminating accurate, scheduled weather observations as rapidly and accurately as feasible to report these changes as they are observed.
2. Report significant changes in weather that would have an adverse effect on safe and efficient aviation operations. |
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Term
1-4
When shall an observer disseminate corrected reports? |
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Definition
| Immediately upon discovering an error. |
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Term
1-5
What form is used to record the various elements of an observation? |
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Definition
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Term
1-6
Give an example of weather reported occurring at other than the location of the station |
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Definition
| Clouds over mountains NW, lightning SE, showers W, etc. |
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Term
1-7
What happens to MF1M-10C after all required data is entered? |
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Definition
| The completed form is archived as the record of surface observations for the station. |
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Term
1-8
How many copies of the MF1M-10C should the station prepare? |
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Definition
| One original and at least one carbon copy. |
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Term
1-9
List three qualities of a station's copies of the MF1M-10C. |
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Definition
| Legible, suitable for retention, suitable for duplication. |
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Term
1-10
Who normally completes all entries on the MF1M-10C? |
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Definition
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Term
1-11
When may non-certified trainees/observers make entries on the form? |
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Definition
| Under the immediate supervision of a certified observer who assumes responsibility for the validity of the entries by initialing in Column 15. |
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Term
1-12
When a non-certified observer initials the observation, who initials first? |
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Definition
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Term
1-13
When data for more than one day is entered on he same sheet, what should separate the data for the different days? |
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Definition
| a line containing the day, month, and year of the data which follow it. |
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Term
1-14
In what format are all dates and times on the MF1M-10C? |
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Definition
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Term
1-15
What shall be characteristic of the writing instrument used throughout the form MF1M-10C? |
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Definition
| It shall be the same type of writing instrument, a black-inked fine ball=point pen. |
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Term
1-16
Why shall a black-inked fine ballpoint pen be used on the MF1M-10C? |
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Definition
| To ensure legible copies and ample contrast for reproduction. |
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Term
1-17
To correct errors on the form, what ink shall be used? |
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Definition
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Term
1-18
If the error was discovered before dissemination of the observation, what is the procedure? |
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Definition
| Clearly draw a single line through the error; record the correct data in the appropriate blocks on the same or next line. |
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Term
1-19
Does the procedure to correct the information recorded on MF1M-10C differ whether the error was discovered before or after dissemination? |
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Definition
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Term
1-20
May an erroneous entry be erased or obliterated in any way? |
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Definition
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Term
1-21
If a late observation is taken within 15 minutes of the standard time of observation and no appreciable changes have occurred, how must the observation be handled? |
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Definition
| Enter the observation in black and transmit it using the actual time of observation. |
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Term
1-22
If an observation is taken more than 15 minutes late or within 15 minutes but conditions have changed appreciably, how must the observation be handled? |
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Definition
| Skip a line and record and transmit a SPECI containing all the elements in a record observation. After transmitting the special, estimate the conditions probable at the standard time using recording instruments whenever possible. Record the data on the skipped line using the standard time in Column 2. Do not transmit this observation. Make a note in Column 65 and reference the actual time of observation. |
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Term
1-23
How should the previous month's MF1M-10C originals be disposed of? |
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Definition
| They should be mailed by the second working day of each month to the office designated by the NWS Regional Headquarters for verification and archiving. |
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Term
1-24
How long should the previous month's MF1M-10Cs be retained on station? |
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Definition
| 90 days unless directed to extend by the Regional Headquarters. |
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Term
1-25
What time is never used in a transmitted report? |
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Definition
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Term
1-26
What time is never used anywhere on a report? |
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Definition
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Term
1-27
What is the standard time of observation? |
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Definition
| The hour to which the observation applies. |
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Term
| 1-28 What is the actual time of observation for METARs? For SPECIs? |
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Definition
1. For METARS, the last time the last element of the report was observed or evaluated.
2. For SPECI reports, the time the criteria for the SPECI was met or noted. |
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Term
1-29
What is the abbreviated term to denote the occurrence of an aircraft mishap? |
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Definition
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Term
1-30
What time is used on the transmitted report? |
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Definition
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Term
1-31
One clock shall be designated as the station standard. How often shall it be checked? |
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Definition
Daily at part-time stations.
On each shift at full-time stations. |
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Term
1-32
For what situation is the accuracy of the actual time of observation of utmost importance? |
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Definition
| Aviation safety investigations. |
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Term
1-33
In which column are time checks logged in the MF1M-10C? |
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Definition
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Term
1-34
Which elements are evaluated last? |
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Definition
| Elements having the greatest rate of change. |
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Term
1-35
When conditions are relatively unchanging, in which order are they evaluated? |
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Definition
| Elements evaluated outdoors, then elements evaluated indoors. |
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Term
1-36
What element is always evaluated last? |
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Definition
| Pressure or altimeter setting. |
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Term
1-37
Individual elements entered in an observation shall, as closely as possible, reflect the conditions at what time? |
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Definition
| Actual time of observation. |
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Term
1-38
What is the period of observation for observed elements? |
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Definition
| Within 15 minutes of the actual time of observation. |
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Term
1-39
When shall gusts and squalls be reported? |
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Definition
| If observed within 10 minutes of the actual time of observation. |
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Term
1-40
What is the earliest time which observations may be started? |
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Definition
| No more than 15 minutes before their scheduled time, or H+45. |
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Term
1-41
True or False:
Routine observations shall be made as close as possible to the scheduled time of observation. |
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Definition
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Term
1-42
If the fractional part of a negative number to be dropped is greater than one-half (1/2), is the preceding digit increased or decreased algebraically? |
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Definition
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Term
1-43
When the actual cloud height or visibility falls midway between two reportable values, which value shall be reported? |
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Definition
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Term
1-44
What are two exceptions to rounding figures up? |
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Definition
Altimeter setting and cloud height.
Round down to hundredth for altimeter, and use lower reportable cloud height. |
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Term
1-45
What information is contained in the body of the report? |
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Definition
| Wind, visibility, weather phenomena, sky condition, temperature, dew point, and altimeter setting. |
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Term
1-46
What belongs in the Remarks section? |
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Definition
| Significant information elaborating on the data reported in the body of the report. |
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Term
1-47
During what window of time is a METAR disseminated? |
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Definition
| Every hour between H+50 and H+55 |
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Term
1-48
What is the separation used between each element or group? |
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Definition
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Term
1-49
List the elements, in order, contained in a METAR/SPECI report. |
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Definition
Type of report
Station identifier
Date and time of report
Report modifier
Wind
Visibility
Runway Visual Range
Present Weather
Sky condition
Temperature and dew point
Altimeter setting |
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Term
1-50
What is listed in the Remarks section of the report? |
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Definition
Manual and Plain Language
Additive data |
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Term
1-51
When an element does not occur, or cannot be observed, how is the missing data or group indicated? |
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Definition
| By the absence of the element from that particular report, meaning the corresponding column on the MF10-10C is left blank, and on the transmitted report the corresponding group and preceding space is omitted from that particular report. |
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Term
1-52
List the elements which shall never be estimated in an aviation report. |
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Definition
Altimeter setting
Temperature and dew point
Runway Visual Range |
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Term
1-53
Whenever SPECI criteria are met at the time of a routine METAR, what type of report shall be issued? |
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Definition
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Term
1-54
How are METAR or SPECI entered into Column 1 of MF1M-10C? |
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Definition
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Term
1-55
When are METARs taken? |
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Definition
| On an hourly basis, 15 minutes prior to the hour. |
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Term
1-56
In what situations are SPECIs reported? |
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Definition
1. Whenever mandatory criteria are met or noted
2. At the discretion of the observer
3. At the occurrence of an aircraft mishap
4. For any weather situation that in the opinion of the observer is critical to local operations. |
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Term
1-57
What are the two categories of criteria for taking SPECIs? |
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Definition
1. A category applicable to all stations across the US.
2. A category determined solely by the observer, to report phenomena that in you opinion is operationally significant at your station. |
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Term
1-58
How shall a SPECI be reported if no provision is made for reporting a particular occurrence? |
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Definition
| Report the phenomenon using plain language in the remarks if necessary. |
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Term
1-59
What is the second element of the transmitted coded report, and where is it entered on the MF1M-10C? |
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Definition
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Term
1-60
What station identifier is used on all METAR/SPECIs? |
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Definition
| International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) |
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Term
1-61
The station identifier for all airports in the 48 contiguous states begins with what letter? Alaskan? Hawaiian? Eastern Caribbean? Western Caribbean? Guam? |
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Definition
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Term
1-62
What is the third element in the coded observation? |
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Definition
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Term
1-63
What is the format for the date/time group in the transmitted report? |
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Definition
| Two digit date, two digit hour, two digit minute, the letter Z to indicate UTC. |
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Term
| 1-64 What determines the actual time of a METAR? |
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Definition
| The time the last element of the observation was observed. |
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Term
| 1-66 What time shall be used on a report which is a correction of a previous disseminated report? |
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Definition
| The same time used in the report being corrected. |
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Term
1-67
Give the time of an observation taken on the 23rd of the month at 1955 UTC. |
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Definition
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Term
1-68
Give the time of an observation taken on the 10th of the month at 12:05 am LST with a station time conversion factor of +9 hours. |
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Definition
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Term
| 1-69 Give the time of an observation taken on the 20th of the month at 4:35 pm LST with a station time conversion factor of +10 hours. |
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Definition
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Term
1-70
What is the only modifier for the report? |
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Definition
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Term
1-71
Where does the report modifier fall in the report? |
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Definition
| Between the date/time and wind. |
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Term
1-72
What does COR indicate? |
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Definition
| The report is a correction to a previously transmitted report. |
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Term
1-73
To whom should corrections to a still valid observation be given? |
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Definition
| To everyone who received the erroneous data. |
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Term
1-74
What is local dissemination? |
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Definition
| The transmission or delivery of a weather report to individuals or groups of users near the weather station. |
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Term
1-75
What is long-line dissemination (or long-line transmission)? |
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Definition
| The transmission of a weather report by a communication media to a group or users on a regional or national scale. |
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Term
1-76
Which reports are given local dissemination? |
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Definition
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Term
1-77
Which sites must also provide long-line dissemination? |
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Definition
| Sites which receive a terminal forecast from the NWS. |
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Term
| 1-78 To whom should reports be given first? |
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Definition
| Positions which control local air traffic. |
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Term
1-79
When should reports be posted and available for all other users which are not required to be transmitted? |
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Definition
| Within 10 minutes after the observation is taken. |
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Term
1-80
What are the report filing time for METAR and SPECI? |
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Definition
| SPECIs are completed and transmitted as soon as possible. METARs shall not be transmitted more than 10 minutes before their scheduled time. |
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Term
1-81
When should corrections be disseminated? |
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Definition
| As soon as possible whenever an error is detected in the original report. |
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Term
| 1-82 If the erroneous data in an earlier report has been corrected or superseded by a later report, what is done with the corrected observation? |
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Definition
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Term
1-83
Why would the remark FIBI be appended to a report? |
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Definition
| The transmission of the observation was delayed until time for the next regularly scheduled report. The remark is not included in any local dissemination of the observation. This is because only the most recent observation shall be transmitted. Also, when a SPECI is not transmitted long-line but disseminated locally. |
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Term
1-84
What requirement must a remark meet if it is not included in an authorized list of contractions? |
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Definition
| The remark must be clear. |
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Term
1-85
To what should you refer for your station's instructions concerning the differences between the MF1M-10C and the transmitted coded report? |
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Definition
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Term
1-86
What may result from failure to place the correct letter indicator or space in its proper location in a coded report? |
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Definition
| The report may not be decoded properly. |
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Term
1-65
What determines the actual time of a SPECI? |
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Definition
| When the criteria for a SPECI is met or noted/observed. |
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