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| Chemical Reactions that occur within an organism. This is an emergent property. It consists of catabolic and anabolic pathways. |
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| A series of chemical reactions that either builds a complex molecule or breaks down a complex molecule into simpler compounds. |
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| Breakdown; release energy |
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| The capacity to cause change. It exists in various forms of which some can produce work. |
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| The energy associated with motion that is released in a chemical reaction |
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| The energy that matter possesses because of its location |
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| The kinetic energy associated with random movements |
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| The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter |
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| Isolated from surroundings |
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| Energy is transfered between system and surrounding |
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| First Law of Thermodynamics |
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-Energy cannot be created nor destroyed
-Energy can be transfered and transformed |
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| Second Law of Thermodynamics |
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-Every transformation or transfer increases entropy in the universe.
-Must occur spontaneously to increase entropy in the universe |
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| The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system |
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| A spontaneous chemical reaction, in which there is a net release of free energy |
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| A non-spontaneous reaction, in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings |
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| An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells |
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| A key feature in the way cells manage their energy resources to do this work. The combination of endergonic and exergonic reactions. |
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| A protein serving as a catalyst |
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| A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction |
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| Every chemical reaction between molecules involves both bond breaking and bond forming |
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| The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start |
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| The reactant an enzyme acts on |
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| The region on the enzyme where the substrate binds |
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| Any non-protein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. They can permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis |
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| Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of an enzyme, competing with the substrate |
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| In feedback Inhibition, the end product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway by binding to the enzyme that acts early in the pathway |
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