Term
| Second law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
- total amount of energy is flowing from high- to lower- energy forms
- In any energy conversion, the amount of usable energy for work decreases
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Term
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Definition
| organized series of chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes in a living system; often regulated as a unit |
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Term
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Definition
| non-protein substances that are necessary for the activity of an enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
only a single type of substrate can bind to the active site (substrate-specific) |
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Term
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Definition
- enzyme associates with a specific substrate molecule
- enzyme forms an enzyme-substrate complex (temporary compound)
- bonds within the substrate are broken and form products that are released
- enzyme dissasociates from the newly formed molecule and returns to its original configuration
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Term
| What is the effect of low substrate concentrations on an enzyme? |
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Definition
| enzyme makes product slowly because it rarely contacts the substrate molecule |
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Term
| What is the effect of having more substrate molecules present? |
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Definition
| Enzyme binds substrate more often and the reaction velocity (rate of product formation) increases |
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Term
| What is the relationship between an enzyme-catalyzed reaction and substrate concentration? |
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Definition
The rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction increases with substrate concentration this continues until the enzyme becomes saturated with the substrate and operates at maximum velocity |
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Term
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Definition
bind directly to the active site of the enzyme to prevent the substrate from binding (do not undergo chemical reactions to form products) |
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Term
| What is the effect of a noncompetetetive inhibitor that binds to an allosteric site? |
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Definition
| alters the shape of the active site so that the substrate cannot be bound |
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Term
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Definition
Measure of disorder in a system |
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Term
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Definition
- chemical involved in a chemical reaction
- not consumed or changed in the reaction
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