Next to water, the most abundant substance in cow's milk is

A. Calcium

B. Vitamin D

C. Fat

D. Lactose

E. Maltose

In a state of nitrogen balance

A. nitrogen intake and output are equal.

B. the rates of muscle growth and atrophy are equal.

C. equal amounts of nitrogen are supplied by proteins and  nucleic acids.

D. 50%of the RDA of nitrogen comes fro essential amino acids and 50% from inessential amino acids.

E. 50% of the RDA of nitrogen comes from the diet and 50% is produced int he body.

Each of the following lists some of the intermediates of glycolysis and aerobic respiration. Which one lists them in correct metabolic order?

A. G6P, PGAL, pyruvic acid, acetyl-CoA, citric acid

B. G6P, PGAL, acetyl-CoA, citric acid, pyruvic acid

C. PGAL, G6P, acetyl-CoA, pyruvic acid, citric acid

D. PGAL, acetyl-CoA, G6P, pyruvic acid, citric acid

E. G6P, citric acid, pyruvic acid, PGAL, acetyl-CoA

Eicosanoids and bile salts are made from which of the following nutrients?

A. Lipids

B. Minerals

C. Vitamins

D. Proteins

E. Carbohydrates

A gram of fat has about _____the calories of a gram of starch.

A. one-tenth

B. one-half

C. one-fourth

D. twice

E. five times

Glucostats are cells located in 

A. the liver

B. the gastric mucosa

C. the intestinal mucosa

D. the pancreatic islets

E. the hypothalamus

Which of the following is not a macronutrient?

A. Fat

B. Starch

C. Protein

D. Calcium

E. Water

The human body contains carbohydrates in all of the following forms and places except

A. Glucose in the bloodstream

B. Glycogen in the liver

C. Glycogen in the muscles

D. Cellulose in the cell walls

E. Oligasaccharides in the glycocalyx

When fats are incompletely oxidized, they yield____, which may cause acidosis. 

A. Ketones

B. Fatty Acids

C. Glycerol

D. Amino Acids

E. Acetyl Groups

During periods of fasting, fat is said to have a protein-sparing effect because the body

A. Oxidizes its spare protein before it depletes its fat reserves

B. Does not oxidize its proteins unless it has consumed its fat reserves

C. Must have an adequate fat intake in order to absorb and metabolize proteins

D. Must have an adequate protein intake in order to absorb and metabolize fats

E. Metabolizes fats and proteins through the same metabolic pathways

Which of the following is not a dietary source of cholesterol?

A. Eggs

B. Liver

C. Whole Milk

D. Shrimp

E. Corn Oil

When the triglycerides have been removed from a chylomicron, the empty chylomicron remnant

A. returns to the adipose tissue to be refilled with lipids

B. Returns to the liver to be refilled with lipids

C. is removed from the blood and degraded by the liver

D. is filtered by the kidneys and excreted in the urine

E. returns to the small intestine to pick up more dietary fat

The highest percentage of cholesterol is found in 

A. Chylomicrons

B. Chylomicron remnants

C. VLDLs

D. LDLs

E. HDLs

Proteins are important for all of the following physiological roles EXCEPT

A. Structural Strength

B. Thermal Insulation

C. Movement

D. Membrane Transport

E. Oxygen Transport

All  of the following people could be expected to exhibit positive nitrogen balance EXCEPT

A. A man training for Olympic weight-lifting competition

B. A growing child

C. A person dying of famine

D. A pregnant woman

E. A Fetus

Which of the following would  provide the lowest quantity of minerals for a given weight of food?

A. peas and beans

B. eggs and milk

C. broccoli and carrots

D. fish and oysters

E. rice and white flour

Our need for all of the following except______is met partly by our own intestinal bacteria.

A. biotin

B. folic acid

C. pantothenic acid

D. manganese

e. vitamin K

All of the following vitamins except___are fat-soluble.

A. A

B. K

C. C

D. D

E. E

An excess of this vitamin can cause anorexia, hair loss, and birth defects.

A. Riboflavin (B2)

B. Retinol (A)

C. Folic Acid

D. Phylloquinone (K)

E. Pantothenic Acid

The coenzymes of aerobic respiration are synthesized from 

A. Cholesterol

B. Minerals

C. Fatty Acids

D. B vitamins

E. Amino Acids