Term
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Definition
1. occurs in cytosol
2. produces ATP, NADH, H+, pyruvate
3. Immediate source of energy (limited amounts)
4. coupled to O2 requirement
5. "central pathway" of metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
1. occurs in mitochondria
2. produces GTP, NADH, FADH2
3. pyruvate = CO2 |
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Term
| oxidative phosphorylation |
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Definition
1. mitochondria, requires O2
2. converts NADH and FADH2 to ATP |
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Term
| pentose phosphate metabolism |
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Definition
1. cytosol
2. "shunt of glycolysis" - converts glucose to pyruvate
3. produces NADPH and ribose 5-phosphate |
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Term
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Definition
1. requires mitochondria
2. lactate/aa's are conveted to glucose
3. requires ATP and NADH
4. raises blood sugar level during fasting, exercise |
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Term
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Definition
1. synthesis and degredation of glycogen
2. glycogen = storage form of glucose
3. liver glycogen used to raise bsl during fasting/exercise
4. muscle glycogen used for energy during exercise |
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Term
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Definition
1. glycolysis and pentose phosphate
2. no mitochondria
pyruvate to lactate via lactate dehydrogenase
glucose only energy source
3. no glycogen stores, but need constant energy source
4. pent. phos. pathway produces NADPH which maintains reduced glutathione (protect membrane) |
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Term
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Definition
1. glycolysis, pentose phosphate, citric acid cycle
2. O2 sufficient. t/f pyruvate - CO2
3. cannot use fat, no sig glycogen stores
t/f needs constant glucose supply
4. use ketone bodies during prolonged starvation |
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Term
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Definition
1. glycolysis, pent phos, c.a. cycle, fat biosynthesis
2. O2 sufficient, t/f pyruv - CO2
3. excess carbo - fat
4. fat for energy and storage, t/f not dependent on gluc
5. pent phos produces NADPH for fat biosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
glycolysis, pent phos, c.a. cycle, glycogen metab
2. stores glyc for its own use
3. resting: O2 sufficient
pyruv - CO2
can use fat
4. exercising: O2 limited
pyruv - lactate
uses glycogen and exogenous gluc |
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Term
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Definition
all pathways
2. pyruv - CO2 w/O2 sufficient
3. NADPH for detoxification and biosynthesis
4. much gluc - energy, stored as glyc, converted to fat for export
5. low gluc - fat for energy, glyc - gluc for export, lactate/aa's to gluc for export |
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Term
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Definition
Caused by abnormalities in Gas
splice junction or frameshift mutations -> reduced amt of Gas
missense mutation -> uncouple Gas from receptor |
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Term
| Pertussis (Whooping Cough) |
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Definition
| toxin catalyzes ADP ribosylation of Gai ->inhibits GDP-GTP exchange -> traps Gai in inactive state |
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Term
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Definition
abnormal LH (leutenizing hormone) receptor.
missense mutation in TM6 traps receptor in partially active conformation all of the time |
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Term
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Definition
catalyzes ADP ribosylation of Gas
ribosylation inhibits GTPase activity, which traps Gas in active conformation |
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Term
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Definition
decreases bsl
Increases:
glucose uptake (except brain, liver, rbc's)
glycolysis in liver and adipose (not muscle)
conversion to storage forms
glycogenesis in liver and muscles
increases fat biosynthesis in liver and adipose
protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
increases bsl
increases gluconeogenesis in liver, glycogenolysis in liver, decreases glycolysis in liver
increases release of alternate energy sources
lipolysis in adipose |
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Term
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Definition
mobilizes energy reserves for exercise
increases glycogenolysis in liver, lipolysis in adipose, proteolysis in muscle, and gluconeogenesis in liver
stimulates energy usage in muscle
increases glycogenolysis in muscle, glycolysis in muscle |
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