1. Fast mobilization

2. can be metabolized aerobically and anaerobically

3. directly maintain blood glucose levels

1. hydroscopic, holds alot of water weight

2. only for short term storage

Glycogen mobilization

4 enzymes

1. glycogen phosphorylase removes 1 gucose from the nonreducing end, adds a P to C1

2. Phosphoglucomutase

moves P to C6

3. Debranching enzyme

moves 3 Glc off side chain

 and removes branching Glc to free Glc, +ΔH, slow

1-4 formation >1-6 break

4. Glc6-phosphatase 

Glc6P-> Glc

only way Glc can eter blood

Glycogen formation

4 enzymes

1. UDP-Glucosepyrophosphorylase

activates Glc, Glc1P->UDP-1-Glc

2. Glycogen synthase adds UDPGlc to glycogen, give off UDP but requires a primer

3. Glycogenin form enither 8 Glc chain by adding first UDPGlc to tyrosine, makes primer

4. Glycogen branching enzyme moves 8 Glc, forms 1-6 bond, breaks 1-4, -ΔH fast

Regulation of Glycogen Phosporylase

2 enzymes

1. Phosphorylase kinase

adds P to active GPb-->GPa

2. phosphorylase kinase activated by PKA, Glucagon, AMP Ca

3. Phosphrylase phosphatase removes P from GPa (->GPb) and phosphorylase kinase, activated by insulin

Glycogen Synthase regulation

2 enzymes

1. GSK3 adds P to GS, Deactivates Insulin blocks its activity

2. Phosphorylase phosphatase removes P, activates it

turned on by insulin, Glc, Glc6P

turned off by Glucagon epineph. 

1. glycogen synthesis

2. promote Glc uptake by cells

3. promote uptake of branched amino acids 

4. promote protein synthesis 

1. mostly affects liver

2. stimulate glycogen breakdown

3. inhibits glycogen synthesis

4. inhibits fatty acid synthesis

5. stimulate gluconeogensis

6. activated lipase in fat cells, promotes fatty acid mobilization

1. similar to glucagon but affects muscle cells

2. stimulate glycogen break down and fat breakdown

3. stimulate glucagon secretion

4. inhibits Glc uptake

5. cuase liver to release Glc