Term
| What are the systemic complications related to diabetes? |
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Definition
Small vessel disease in the brain w/ lacunar infarctions
Argyll Robertson pupil - preserved accommodation reflex, absent light reflex
Neuropathy - hypo/areflexia, atonic bladder, mononeuritis multiplex, Charcot's joints
Amyotrophy
Copressive nerve syndromes |
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Term
| What can both hypo and hyperglycemia cause? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia? |
|
Definition
Confusion/Coma
Seizures
pupils dilated
Reflexes Brisk
Babinskis extensor
Blood sugar Low
IV glucose response |
|
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Term
| What is diabetic encephalopathy associated with? |
|
Definition
Confusion/Coma
Seizures +/-
Pupils Small
Reflexes Decreased
Babinskis flexor
Blood Sugar High
Acetone +/-
No Response to IV glucose |
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Term
| How does sensory neuropathy present in Diabetic Neuropathy? |
|
Definition
Symmetrical
Painful
Lower Limbs > upper limbs
disturbing the night sleep |
|
|
Term
| How does Autonomic neuropathy present in Diabetic patients? |
|
Definition
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Term
| How Does Diabetic ophthalmoplegia develop and present? |
|
Definition
From infarction of nerve w/ vascular insufficiency
Causes:
diplopia
pain
ocular muscle weakness |
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|
Term
| What are the 2 common nerves affected by Diabetic ophthalmoplegia? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is caused by simultaneous infarction and ischemia of different peripheral nerves? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 Diabetic Neuropathies? |
|
Definition
Sensory Polyneuropathy
Autonomic Neuropathy
Diabetic Ophthalmoplegia
Diabetic Mononeuritis
Mononeuritis Multiplex
Diabetic Amyotrophy |
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|
Term
| What parts of the Brain does Hypoxic Encephalopathy affect most? |
|
Definition
Hippocampus
Watershed areas btw vascular territories of major arteries
Deep folia of the cerebellum |
|
|
Term
| What are the Clinical Features of Hypoxic encephalopathy? |
|
Definition
Drowsiness --> Coma
EEG Slow
Seizures
Myoclonus
Amnesia after Recovery |
|
|
Term
| Why is there amnesia after recovery from Hypoxic Encephalopathy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 4 Causes of Hypoxia? |
|
Definition
1. Cardiac Arrest
2. CO poisoning
3. High altitude sickness
4. COPD/CO2 narcosis |
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|
Term
| What kind of Encephalopathy might a patient have if they have a cherry red color in the skin with cyanotic hue? |
|
Definition
Hypoxic Encephalopathy
Due to CO poisoning |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of Posthypoxic Syndrome? |
|
Definition
1. Persistent Coma/Vegetative
2. Dementia/Amnesia
3. Parkinson's Syndrome
4. Myoclonus |
|
|
Term
| What can result form basal ganglia involvement of hypoxic encephalopathy? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What can result with Diffuse cortical ischemia from hypoxic encephalopathy? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are they Systemic complications of Uremia & Neurotoxicity? |
|
Definition
Seizures, myoclonus
Dysequilibrium Syndrome
Dementia
Confusion
Slow EEG
Subdural hematoma
Asterexis
Myopathy
Peripheral Neuropathy |
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|
Term
| How are the reflexes in hepatic encephalopathy compared to uremic encephalopathy? |
|
Definition
Hepatic - Brisk Reflexes
Uremic - Decreased Reflexes |
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Term
| What symptoms are associated with Hepatic and not Uremic Encephalopathy? |
|
Definition
Apraxia
Brisk Reflexes
EEG - Triphasic waves |
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|
Term
| What can acute hepatic encephalopathy with hepatic failure be caused by> |
|
Definition
1. Drug intoxications/acetaminophen overdose
2. Chronic cirrhosis/infections and metabolic
3. Elevated ammonia levels |
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Term
| What are the clinical features of Encephalopathy caused by Electrolyte Distrubances? |
|
Definition
1. Drowsiness/stupor/coma
2. Acute confusional state
3. Seizure |
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Term
| What electrolyte is low if there is tetany? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What can Diabetic insipidus and nonketotic diabetic coma be caused by? |
|
Definition
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