Term
What level of glucose will initiate neuroglycopenia?
What are the effects on the body? |
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Definition
< 40 mg/mL
headaches
confusion
seizures
coma
death |
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Term
| What level of glucose in blood leads to adrenaline response? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Why can hypoglycemia happen right after eating? |
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Definition
A large meal can trigger overproduction of insulin to lead to hypoglycemia.
Recommended that pts eat smaller meals to prevent overproduction of insulin |
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Term
| Effect of alcohol on levels of glucose |
|
Definition
| Can lead to hypoglycemia because alcohol uses the NAD cofactor needed in gluconeogenesis, so gluconeogenesis is inhibited. |
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Term
| 4 organs involved in fuel metabolism |
|
Definition
liver, adipose, muscle, brain
All work together as community! |
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|
Term
| Sources of energy for the body |
|
Definition
carbs, fat, protein, ethanol, nucleotides
Nucleotides are only used as last resort |
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Term
|
Definition
| pt has too much insulin with a low level of C peptide |
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Term
| 2 main mechanisms to reduce amount of glucose |
|
Definition
| Glycolysis (break down of glucose) and glycogenesis (turning glucose into glycogen) |
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Term
|
Definition
depends on levels of insulin
found in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue |
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|
Term
| These substrates serve to oppose insulin (maintain glucose) |
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Definition
| Glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, GH |
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Term
Glucagon works on __ protein coupled receptor to increase amount of glucose in blood to prevent hypoglycemia
___ and ___ will prevent glucagon secretion |
|
Definition
Gs
High levels of glucose
Insulin |
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Term
|
Definition
blood glucose below 40
confusion, coma
Use glucose and epinephrine to combat hypoglycemia |
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|
Term
| Main mechanisms to increase glucose |
|
Definition
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenolysis |
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|
Term
| Effect of alcohol on diabetic pt |
|
Definition
| Alcohol can inhibit gluconeogenesis, which leads to hypoglycemia |
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Term
|
Definition
Type 1 diabetes- without insulin, ketoacidosis will occur.
In type 2- insulin can be produced to prevent ketoacidosis. Pancreas cells have to work to provide enough insulin, which leads to pancreatic cell death eventually |
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