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| law signed by William and Mary, as a condition to becoming monarchs of England, that limited power in several ways: it required that the monarch be a member in good standing of the Church of England and stated that he could not suspend the nation’s laws, levy taxes, or maintain an army without the consent of Parliament. He also could not interfere in Parliamentary elections or impinge on the free speech of members of Parliament. |
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| Supporters of King Charles I during the English Civil War |
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| the republican government which ruled first England (including Wales) and then Ireland and Scotland from 1649 to 1660. After the English Civil War and the regicide of Charles I, its existence was initially declared in An Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth by the Rump Parliament, on May 19, 1649. The government during 1653 to 1659 is properly called The Protectorate, and took the form of direct personal rule by Oliver Cromwell and, after his death, his son Richard, as Lord Protector. |
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| Divine Right Monarchy -(invoked in 1688) |
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| Christian political doctrine that hereditary monarchy is the system approved by God, hereditary right cannot be forfeited, monarchs are accountable to God alone for their actions, and rebellion against the lawful sovereign is therefore blasphemous. |
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| also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland) in 1688 by a union of Parliamentarians with an invading army led by the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange), who as a result ascended the English throne as William III of England. |
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| Petition of Right- (1628) |
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| act passed by parliament and presented to Charles I that reaffirmed the Magna Carta and declared the loans to the crown and taxes levied by the crown without parliament’s consent to be in violation of that charter |
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| Many puritans were surer of what they were against than what they were for. Puritans were strongly attracted by the Calvinist idea that each individual was predestined by God, to be saved or not to be saved. They emphasized preaching and the individual’s personal understanding of the Bible, spiritual devotion, discipline, and sacrifice as the basis of religion. Mostly found around the middling sort (social group) but were found in all sects. |
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| Roundheads- (approx 1645) |
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| The supporters of Parliamentary part in the English Civil War; The term was in derision of their closely cropped haircuts |
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| The Rump Parliament was the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride on December 6, 1648 had purged Long Parliament of those members hostile to the intentions of the Grandees in the New Model Army to try King Charles I for high treason. |
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| Short Parliament- (13 April - 5 May 1640) |
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| of King Charles I is so called because it lasted only three weeks. After eleven years of attempting personal rule, Charles recalled Parliament in 1640, under the advice of Lord Wentworth, recently created Earl of Strafford. He was forced to call the Short Parliament primarily to obtain money to finance his military struggle with Scotland in the Bishops' Wars. Like its predecessors, the new parliament had greater interest in redressing perceived grievances occasioned by the royal administration than in voting the King funds to pursue his war against the Scottish Covenanters. |
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| “Contracts of Correspondence” |
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Definition
“provided for the conferral of offices among the political factions or for the setting up of a rotation scheme, would fill the ‘lacunae’ of this system and introduce a minimum of equal opportunities for supporters of all factions within the limits of the oligarchic structure.”
Dutch Culture in a European Perspective
By Willem Frijhoff, Marijke Spies |
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| During 1602 a group of investors had founded a private trading company, to which the government of the Dutch Republic granted a monopoly for trade in East Asia. During the 1620s and 1630s, Dutch merchants extended their reach in the East Indies, where many valuable spices were produced. This company proved to be stiff competition for the English East India Company. |
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| In 1621, it was granted a charter for a trade monopoly in the West Indies (meaning the Caribbean) by the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands and given jurisdiction over the African slave trade, Brazil, the Caribbean, and North America. The intended purpose of the charter was to eliminate competition, particularly Spanish or Portuguese, between the various trading posts established by the merchants. |
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| a political group in the Netherlands and Belgium in the second half of the eigtheenth century. They defended the House of Orange against the Patriots who challenged the Stadtholder regime. In Belgium the faction survived well into the 1830s, strongly opposing the Belgian Revolution and rallying against independence. |
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[image]
Rembrandt (July 15, 1606 – October 4, 1669) |
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| one of a handful of Dutch painters who amassed a fortune, allowing him to marry the daughter of a municipal official. He portrayed human emotions through the use of color, light, and shadow. He lost most of his investments in the Dutch East India Company. |
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| The chief official of the Dutch Republic who in times of emergency was commander-in-chief of the military forces of Holland. In times of peace he had more influence than actual power and could not declare war, enact legislation, or even officially participate in debates on policy. |
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| after the separation of the northern Netherlands from the Spanish dominions (approx 1581), the States-General replaced the king as the supreme authority and national central government of the northern Netherlands |
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