Term
| What percentage of eligible voters did so in 1824? 1828? 1840? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In 1824:
What two candidates shared a vp?
Who was he? |
|
Definition
| Adams, Jackson...John C. Calhoun |
|
|
Term
| V/F: All of the 1824 nominees identified as Democrats |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why was William Crawford thrown out of the running in 1824? |
|
Definition
| suffered a stroke shortly after elections |
|
|
Term
| How did JQ Adams win the presidency? |
|
Definition
-Jackson didn't get the electoral majority
-Went to House
-Clay was now out of the running, and used Speaker of the House powers to influence election BECAUSE
-they were archrivals for allegiance of the west
-him and Adams were both passionate about nationalism and the American system |
|
|
Term
| What was the incident between the Jackson/Adams/Clay/House of Reps election called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was a famous protester of the "corrupt bargain" that was challenged to a duel by Clay? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-Who was the first "minority president"?
-W/o a college education?
-born in America? |
|
Definition
-Adams
-Washington (THEN Jackson)
-Van Beuren |
|
|
Term
| Why was it bad that Adams refused to kick out efficient officeholders? |
|
Definition
| Supporters got mad that they didn't have gov't positions, lost support |
|
|
Term
What was in Adams' first State of the Union address?
What was wrong with it? |
|
Definition
-roads and canals to be built
-no fed involvement!
-national university
-astronomical observatory
-seemed frivolous
-meant more tariffs |
|
|
Term
| What were the two predominant political parties of 1828? Who lead each? NAME TREES |
|
Definition
-National Republicans - Adams (oak)
-Democratic-Republicans - Jackson (hickory) |
|
|
Term
| What were mudslings used against Jackson in the campaign of 1828? |
|
Definition
-Mother=prostitute
-wife=whore (divorce scandal)
-coffin handouts talked about duels/killings |
|
|
Term
| What were mudslings used against Adams in the election of 1828? And in favor of Jackson? |
|
Definition
-billiards/chess set = "gambling furniture in pres. palace."
-pimp for Russian tsar
-Jackson = log cabin (sike!) |
|
|
Term
What regions of the country supported Jackson?
Adams?
Divided? |
|
Definition
-West/South
-NE, "Better parts of Northeast"
-middle states, old northwest |
|
|
Term
| Where was Andrew Jackson born? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the name of Jackson's mansion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the name for the event that took place at Jackson's inauguration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define: Spoils system
What was Jackson's argument(s) for it? |
|
Definition
-people awarded public office for loyalty, not necessarily obedience (spoils of the enemy)
-routine of office is easy enough to learn quickly, and better than development of bureaucratic office holding class |
|
|
Term
Who was the first person to steal $1,000,000 from the US gov't? What was his occupation?
(BTW: NICE GOING JACKSON) |
|
Definition
-Samuel Swartwout
-Customs collector in NY
(fled to England) |
|
|
Term
| Why were protective tariffs good and bad? |
|
Definition
-protected American manufacturers
-hurt people buying stuff--> also retaliation taxes abroad |
|
|
Term
| V/F: Daniel Webster supported tariffs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what year did the Jacksonians try to pass a tariff bill that backfired? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the nickname for South Carolina? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the slave that led an 1822 Charleston rebellion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who wrote The South Carolina Exposition? What did it call for? |
|
Definition
| Calhoun, nullification of tariffs |
|
|
Term
| How was war w/ South Carolina avoided? |
|
Definition
| Henry Clay stepped in to help negotiate - did not want a military victory for Jackson |
|
|
Term
| What was the name of the bill that said that Jackson could use the army and navy to collect duties? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Define: Columbia Congress |
|
Definition
| -SC agrees to repeal nullification, but puts it on Force Bill instead |
|
|
Term
| Name a society made to Christianize NAs |
|
Definition
| The Society for Propagating the Gospel Among Indians |
|
|
Term
| How much $ did the gov't shell out to promote NA literacy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the Five Civilized Tribes? |
|
Definition
-Creeks
-Cherokees
-Chickasaws
-Choctaws
-Seminoles |
|
|
Term
| What was GA's reaction to NAs trying to be more "civilized"? |
|
Definition
| declared Cherokee council illegal, not held up by Supreme court |
|
|
Term
| What was the Indian Removal Act? |
|
Definition
| NAs were to go to established Indian territory, allegedly free of white enroachment (only for 15 yrs) |
|
|
Term
What were 3 NA tribes that resisted the Indian Removal Act?
Name a leader among them |
|
Definition
| Fox, Sauk, Seminoles-->Osceola |
|
|
Term
| Name two people that fought the NA tribes resisting the Indian Removal Act |
|
Definition
| Jefferson Davis, Abraham Lincoln |
|
|
Term
| Why did the Bank of US have so much economical control? |
|
Definition
| -Controlled currency...of gold/silver, not paper |
|
|
Term
| Who was the president of the Bank of the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-US Bank's charter set to expire in 1836
-Clay tried to renew it in 1832 to make it an election issue
-If Jackson passed it, he would lose his supporters, but if he vetoed it, he'd lose the rich vote
-Jackson vetoed it, saying the bank was unconstitutional |
|
|
Term
| Describe the Anti-Masonic Party...when did they form? |
|
Definition
-Election of 1832
-"we hate Jackson but like his policies" party
-disappearance/probable murder of Mason secret teller
-condemned secret societies, privilege, mnopoly
-attracted religious-political reformers |
|
|
Term
| What was special about the election of 1832? (3) |
|
Definition
-3rd pol. party
-Nat'l convention to name candidates
-adopted formal platforms
-lots of money from US Bank to support campaigns
-bought off newspaper editors |
|
|
Term
| How did Jackson handle Biddle's trying to extend the Bank's expiration date? |
|
Definition
| -Took reserves out of fed bank, put into "pet banks" |
|
|
Term
| Name: Jackson's legislature that ditched flaky paper currency for only paper money |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Who faced off in the election of 1836?
What parties did they belong to?
Who won? |
|
Definition
Van Beuren v Harrison
Democrat-Republican v Whig |
|
|
Term
| V/F: Harrison was criticized for being a "coattail president" |
|
Definition
| falsum - that was Van Beuren |
|
|
Term
| In 1837, there was a rebellion HERE that threatened war w/ Britian |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What caused the panic of 1837? |
|
Definition
-overspeculation
-get-rich-quickism
-bank war
-specie circular
-failures of wheat crops |
|
|
Term
| where was there a massive protest of wheat prices affected by the panic of 1837? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did events in Europe influence the Panic of 1837? |
|
Definition
| Two prominent British banks closed, creditors called for loans to be repaid |
|
|
Term
| What was the Divorce Bill? |
|
Definition
AKA Independent Treasury Bill
-Put fed deposits into independent treasury, not in banks
-Dems liked the pet banks better, but still supported the bill
-Whigs just wanted their nat'l bank |
|
|
Term
| Mexico sold a huge chunk of land to THIS MAN, on the conditions that... |
|
Definition
-Stepeh Austin
-Bring 300 Amer families that are Roman Catholic and promptly Mexicanized |
|
|
Term
| By 1835, how many Texan Americans wre there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two famous escapees to Texas |
|
Definition
| Davy Crockett (rifleman), Jim Bowie (Arkansas toothpick) |
|
|
Term
| Who led Texas in their war w/ Mexico and general affairs? |
|
Definition
| Sam Houston (aka "Big Drunk") |
|
|
Term
| Who was a Texan commander that refused to surrender to Santa Anna? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did Houston beat Santa Anna? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the conditions of Santa Anna's treaty that he rejected later? (Why did he do so?) |
|
Definition
-Rio Grande= border
-withdraw troops
-"under duress' |
|
|
Term
| why didn't people want to annex Texas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was Harrison's running mate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| V/F: WH Harrison came from one of the Five Families of Virginia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the first president born beyond the Appalachians? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did frontier life suck for women? men? in general? |
|
Definition
women: left alone in tiny cabins
men: fierce, deathly fighting
everyone: disease, depression, death were abundant |
|
|
Term
Famous authors during the frontier age?
Why so? |
|
Definition
Emerson (esp. Self Reliance)
James Fenimore Cooper
Natty Bumppo
Herman Melville
Represented "rugged individualism" |
|
|
Term
| Define: Kentucky bluegrass |
|
Definition
| -when cane was burned off, ideal livestock food (Kentucky bluegrass) formed |
|
|
Term
| What was the empire-building system for fur trappers called? Explain in more detail? |
|
Definition
| rendezvous system - manufacturers came out, waited for trappers, traded goods |
|
|
Term
| What were two animals that fur trappers caught that went in/out of style (as in extinct)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
George Catlin |
|
Definition
| American painter, author who specialized in portraits of Native Americans in the Old West. |
|
|
Term
| during the frontier period, the population doubled every ___ yrs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during the frontier period, the US was the ___ most populous state |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What was NY's nickname?
New Orleans?
Chicago? |
|
Definition
metropolis
queen of the south
hog butcher for world |
|
|
Term
| what did over rapid urbanization bring? |
|
Definition
-smelly slums/sewage/rats/garbage
-impure water
-poor policing |
|
|
Term
What city pioneered the sewage system?
Underground piping? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many Irish immigrants came over during the frontier period? Germans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during the frontier period, how many European immigrants moved to the US? Not the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why was America so nice for immigrants? |
|
Definition
-no castes
-no established church
-low taxes
-no compulsory military service
-"three meat meals a day"
-come speedily w/ steam ships |
|
|
Term
during the frontier period, why was there a huge influx of Irish immigrants?
Where did they go?
Who didn't like them? |
|
Definition
-potato crop rotted
-cities (too poor for west)
-stuffy Protestant Bostonians |
|
|
Term
| What was a common name for Irish kitchen maids and canal/railroad workers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does "NINA" stand for and why was it common? |
|
Definition
-No Irish Need Apply
-They depressed wages |
|
|
Term
| V/F: The Irish resented blacks, with whom they shared society's basement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the name of the semisecret Irish society that fought corrupt landlords? |
|
Definition
| Ancient Order of Hibernians |
|
|
Term
| What was the name of the Irish miner's union from PA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City and New York State politics and helping immigrants, most notably the Irish, rise up in American politics |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Carl Schurz |
|
Definition
| Important German immigrant politician |
|
|
Term
| What state in the midwest took many German immigrants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name some German contributions to society |
|
Definition
| Conestoga wagon, Kentucky rifle, Christmas tree, kindergarten, bier |
|
|
Term
| why were Germans not as politically potent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what fueled temperance when the German immigrants came? |
|
Definition
| unaffected by Sabbath, drank a lot!!! |
|
|
Term
| Germans and Irish tended to be WHAT religion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| V/F: Presbyterians made their own (expensive) school system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the top 5 religions during the 1840s? |
|
Definition
| Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Roman Catholics |
|
|
Term
Name some societies that published xenophobic propaganda
name an example of the propaganda |
|
Definition
-"order of the star-spangled banner"
-Maria Monk's "Awful Disclosure" |
|
|
Term
| In 1844, who fought back against the nativists? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In 1850, a group of inventors of WHAT ethnicity perfect machines to mass produce textiles?
Why did this take so long to reach America? |
|
Definition
-British
-land was so cheap, didn't want to be cooped up in factories...UNTIL influx of immigrants |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN
Samuel Slater |
|
Definition
-father of American factory system
-stole cotton thread spinning machine from British
-won financial support of Moses Brown |
|
|
Term
Who invented the cotton gin?
How much more effective was it than hand picking?
V/F: This killed slavery debate |
|
Definition
N-Eli Whitney
-50x
-nope. it only revitalized it |
|
|
Term
| What river in NE helped shipping/factories? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Who made interchangeable gun parts?
What'd this do? |
|
Definition
-Eli Whitney
-mass factory line production of firearms |
|
|
Term
| Who made/perfected the sewing machine? (2 people) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How much $ did Samuel Morse get from Congress?
What was his message? |
|
Definition
-$30,000
-"What Hath God Wrought?" |
|
|
Term
| what were some examples of issues w/ child labor in factories? |
|
Definition
-"whipping rooms"
-samuel slater's mill |
|
|
Term
| V/F: the life of an adult worker improved under Jacksonian democracy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what were some desires of the factory workers?
which one caused the most debate? why? |
|
Definition
-10 hr workday
-higher wages
-tolerable working conditions
-public education for kids
-no imprisonment for debt
-10 hr workday - lessen production, devil minds! (Van Bueren said it was okay though) |
|
|
Term
| By 1830, there were HOW many unionists? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the case that ruled labor unions legal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fresh immigrants, typically, used to keep company going while people starve w/o jobs |
|
|
Term
The factory girls...
worked __ days a week
__ hrs a day
were/were not typical? supervised? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were other opportunities that women had for self-support? |
|
Definition
-nursing
-domestic servant
-teaching |
|
|
Term
| 1 in _ families employed domestic service in the 1840s |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THAT LADY
Told girls to be teachers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _% of women worked outside the home in the 1840s? Before marriage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the 1840 equivalent of republican motherhood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| V/F: love became more of a factor in marriage in the 1840s. What did this do? |
|
Definition
-yes
-made more tight-knit families |
|
|
Term
| Did the fertility rate go up or down? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did European parents think Americans were brats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Define: drop in fertility rate kind of empowering women |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how did the trans-Allegheny region prosper? |
|
Definition
-grew tons of corn
-fed it to hogs
-"porkopolis" |
|
|
Term
| Who invented the steel plow? |
|
Definition
John Deere
(horses, not oxes pulled it) |
|
|
Term
Who invented the mechanical mower-reaper?
What'd it do? |
|
Definition
-Cyrus McCormick
-work of 5 men AND
-turned west from subsistence to cash crop, then market economy, then wanted to trade w/ NE |
|
|
Term
What was the first major turnpike called?
How long is it? |
|
Definition
Lancaster Turnpike
62 mi long |
|
|
Term
| How much did Lancaster Turnpike stockholders receive in annual dividends? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long did the turnpike-building boom last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Why was western road building (besides the cost) running into many obstacles?
What stopped this? |
|
Definition
-states' righters didn't like fed aid for internal improvements
-National Road/Cumberland Road |
|
|
Term
| What halted the Cumberland Road construction to 1852? |
|
Definition
| war of 1812, then states' righters again |
|
|
Term
Who invented the steamboat?
What was the first one called? What did posterity call it? |
|
Definition
-Robert Fulton
-Fulton's Folly
-Clermont |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the infamous steamboat that killed passengers in 1865? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Why did NY have to build the Erie Canal?
What does it do? (Geography)
-who was the leader of the project? |
|
Definition
-states' righters cut off federal aid
-link great lakes w/ Hudson, cut shipping cost ($100-->$5)
-Governor DeWitt Clinton ("Clinton's Big Ditch") |
|
|
Term
| What were the adverse effects of the Erie Canal? |
|
Definition
| some couldn't compete w/ NY prices |
|
|
Term
| When was the first railroad built? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| By 1860, how many miles of railroad track existed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Why didn't some people like railroads at first?
What were some difficulties about them? |
|
Definition
-people trying to protect steamboat investment
-sparks could set fire to nearby haystacks
-feeble brakes
-arrivals/departures=conjectural
-gauge differences=many train changes
-(were fixed) |
|
|
Term
| define: Pullman "sleeping palace" |
|
Definition
| trains that you could sleep in (not so many train changes w/ less gauge difference) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stretched a cable from Newfoundland to Ireland |
|
|
Term
| Name a pioneer American steamship that was pursued by a British captain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name a Yankee naval yard that made clipper ships |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| V/F: the clipper boats sacrificed speed for space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why did clippers die out? |
|
Definition
| iron tramp steamers ("teakettles") of British |
|
|
Term
| What story (by who???) immortalized the Far West's period of THIS type of transportation??? |
|
Definition
Mark Twain's "Roughing It"
horse-drawn overland stagecoaches |
|
|
Term
THIS mail service could get from St. Joseph, MO to Sacramento, CA in 10 days
How long did it last? |
|
Definition
the Pony Express
18 months |
|
|
Term
| Why did the Pony Express die out? |
|
Definition
| Samuel Morse's clacking keys |
|
|
Term
| v/f: the transportation revolution eased traffic on the Mississippi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was each region's niche? |
|
Definition
South-->make cotton for NE and Britain
-West-->grow grain and livestock for factory workers in East, Europe
-East-->make textiles for South and West |
|
|
Term
| What were some questions aroused by greater mechanization? |
|
Definition
How tightly should patents protect inventions?
Should the government regulate monopolies?
Who should own the technologies and networks that make US run? |
|
|
Term
| How did Marshall impact the Industrial Revolution? |
|
Definition
-protected contract rights
-state gov'ts could not impose revocable charters
-Roger B Taney took over for him in 1835, not as much so... |
|
|
Term
Define:
Boston Charles River Bridge v Warren Bridge |
|
Definition
Charles said unconstitutionally violating original contract
Taney sided w/ Warren, saying rights of community were more important |
|
|
Term
| v/f: states OMG gave people "limited liability" if they missed their payments once or twice |
|
Definition
| falsum. it's for bankruptcy |
|
|
Term
| Who is a the famous millionaire fur-trader worth HOW much? |
|
Definition
-John Jacob Astor
-$30 million |
|
|
Term
| how much (%age) did wages rise/yr from 1820-->60? |
|
Definition
|
|
