Term
| Intellectual Disabilities |
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Definition
-Mental Retardation
-Axis II
-Subaverage Intellectual Functioning
IQ approx/lower than 70
-Deficits in Adaptive functioning
ability to perform adl's, self-care, etc.
-Onset before 18 |
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Term
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Definition
-Mild (IQ 55-70)
largest group (may be 90%)
-Moderate (IQ 40-54)
-Severe (IQ 20-39)
-Profound (below 25) |
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Term
| 1983 AAMR (American Association of Mental Retardation) |
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Definition
IQ 70 and below on standardized test
variable based on which test
limitations in maturation, learning, independence, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
IQ below 70/75
limitation in 2 or more adaptive areas
Largely ignored |
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Term
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Definition
IQ 70 or below
deficits in adaptive functioning (@ least 2) |
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Term
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Definition
-MR is relatively stable condition
-Affected by level of impairment
-Dual diagnosis
-initially held back by psychoanalytic/dynamic
-problems with prevalence (maybe 4 times higher than in general pop.)
-likely judged more intellectually impaired |
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Term
| Organic vs. Cultural-familial |
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Definition
Organic
-linked to approx. 1/3-1/2 of cases
-not a single entity
- e.g. Downs, Fragile-X, Prader-Willi
Cultural-Familial
-no apparent cause
-linked to approx. 1/2-2/3
-typically mild MR with fewer physical/medical disabilities |
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Term
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Definition
-infant IQ does not predict later IQ well
habituation/attention trials do a little better
-better prediction by 4 yrs for later childhood (.77) |
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Term
| Borderline Intellectual Functioning |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-difficult to find consensus
-"intelligent" behaviors change with age
-most ppl suggest
-verbal ability
-practical problem solving
-social competence |
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Term
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Definition
-general intelligence
-Spearman-factor analyst, all correlated
-items also measured "specific intelligence"
-Thurstone- G not important, unrelated "primary mental abilities" are the most important
--> currently a combo. of both |
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Term
| Environmental cumulative deficit hypothesis |
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Definition
-neg. effects of underpribilege increases the longer it lasts
-early cognitive deficits lead to more deficits
-harder and harder to overcome |
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Term
| 2 views of cultural bias in testing |
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Definition
-tests not biased
-represent success in the common culture
-cultural factors can hurt test performance
-communication style
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-stereoptypes |
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Term
| effects of syereotype threat on performance |
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Definition
-both groups perform the same when told it is not a test
-socres o nvertal tasks decrease for African Americans and Hispanic Americans when told it is a test |
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Term
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Definition
-Intellectual functioning
-Nonverbal measure- Leiter International performance scale
-Adaptive functioning- Vineland Adaptive behaivor scales |
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