1) Acute dystonia-
-may develop w/in the 1st days of therapy
-severe spasms of muscles of tongue, face, neck, back, and throat
Medical emergency
-Treat w/ IV anticholoinergic drugs (i.e. diphenhydramine IV)
2) Akathisia-
-Usually occurs w/in the 1st few months of therapy
-Pacing, squirming, need to constantly be in motion
Mistaken for anxiety
-May also respond to anticholinergic drugs
3) Parkinsonism-like movement disorder (Psuedoparkinsonism)-
occurs w/in the first few months of therapy
-Bradykinesia, drooling, tremor, rigidity, shuffling gait, cogwheeling, stooped posture
-Best treated w/ anticholinergic drugs, amantadine or propranolol
4) Tardive Dyskinesia-
-Develops w/ long term therapy
-Involuntary movement of tongue or face, lip smacking, tongue twisting, tongue flicking out of mouth
Can interfere w/chewing, swallowing, or speech
May progress to limbs
-Treat by switching to an antipsychotic w/low EPSE
-Anticholinergic and anti-parkinson drugs are not effective to reverse symptoms |