Abreaction

     Inability to smell

    Inability to speak

   “pg. 421 hereditary factors- Related to a dysfunctional immune mechanism and initiated by an infectious process. The antibodies that form as a result of the infection become directed instead against the self in an autoimmune response that results in tissue damage.”

  Any substance or agent that produces or increases the risk of developing cancer in humans or lower animals.

    An alteration in the perception or experience of the self so that the feeling of one’s own reality is temporarily lost.

     An alteration in the perception or experience of the external world so that it seems strange or unreal.

A sudden unexpected travel away from home or customary work locale with the assumption of a new identity and an inability to recall one’s previous identity; usually occurring in response to severe psychosocial stress.

 The receipt of positive reinforcement for somaticizing through added attention, sympathy, and nurturing.

The receipt of positive reinforcement for somaticizing by being able to avoid difficult situations because of a physical complaint.

     Personality characteristics attributed to individuals prone to coronary heart disease, including excessive competitive drive, chronic sense of time urgency, easy anger, aggressiveness, excessive ambition, and inability to enjoy leisure time.

     Personality characteristics attributed to individuals who are not prone to coronary heart disease, includes characteristics such as ability to perform even under pressure but without the competitive drive and constant sense of time urgency experienced by Type A personality. Type B’s can enjoy their leisure time without feeling guilty, and they are much less impulsive than Type A individuals; that is, they think things through before making decisions.

  Personality characteristics attributed to the cancer-prone individuals. Includes characteristics such as suppression of anger, calm, passive, puts the needs of others before their own, but holds resentment towards others for perceived “wrongs.”

    Personality characteristics attributed to individuals who are at increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The characteristics include a combination of negative emotions and social inhibition.

    A polysymptomatic disorder that usually begins in adolescence (rarely after 20s), chiefly affects women, and is characterized by recurrent multiple somatic complaints that are unexplained by organic pathology. It is thought to be associated with repressed anxiety.

    Pathologic loss of memory, a phenomenon in which an area of experience becomes inaccessible to conscious recall. The loss in memory may be organic, emotional, dissociative, or of mixed origin, and may be permanent or limited to a sharply circumscribed period of time.

    A condition that is identified as such because psychological factors have been identified as contributing to the initiation or exacerbation of the symptoms

    The process by which psychological needs are expressed in the form of physical symptoms. Somatization is thought to be associated with repressed anxiety.

     formally called dysmorphobia, is characterized by the exaggerated belief that the body is deformed or defective in some specific way

Multiple somatic symptoms that cannot be explained medically and are associated with psychosocial distress and long-term seeking of assistance from health-care professionals

Primary gains:

The receipt of positive reinforcement for somaticizing through added attention, sympathy, and nurturing.

Secondary gains:

The receipt of positive reinforcement for somaticizing by being able to avoid difficult situations because of a physical complaint

Paralysis, Aphonia, Seizures, Coordination disturbance, Difficulty swallowing, Urinary retention, Akinesia, Blindness, Deafness

Double vision, Anosmia, Loss of pain sensation, Hallucinations,

Pseudocyesis (false pregnancy)

The exaggerated belief that the body is deformed or defective in some specific way

Localized amnesia

Selective Amnesia

Continuous amnesia

Generalized amnesia

Systemized amnesia

Localized amnesia: the inability to recall all incidents associated with the traumatic event for a specific time period following the event (usually a few hrs.-days

Selective Amnesia: The inability to recall only certain incidents associated with a traumatic event for a specific period after events

Continuous amnesia: The inability to recall events occurring after a specific time up to and including the present

Generalized amnesia: The rare phenomenon of not being able to recall anything that has happened during the individual’s entire lifetime, including his or her personal identity

Systemized amnesia: This type of amnesia, the individual cannot remember events that relate to a specific category of information (one’s family) or to one particular person

A sudden unexpected travel away from home or customary place of daily activities, with the inability to recall some or all of one’s past

Formerly called multiple personality disorders; the existence of two or more personalities in a single individual

By a feeling of detachment or estrangement from one’s self

Anxiety, Depression, Fear of going insane, Obsessive thoughts, Somatic complaints, Disturbance on subjective sense of time

 Genetics-More common with first-degree relatives

 Neurobiological-Possible correlation between neurological alterations; Areas of the brain associated with memory includ the Hippocampus, Amydala, Fornix, Mammillary bodies, Thalamus, Frontal cortex  

Psychodynamic Theory:   Freud; occurred when individuals repressed distressing mental contents from conscious awareness 

 Psychological Trauma: Traumatic experiences that overwhelms the individual’s capacity to cope by any means other than dissociation, Experiences take form of severe physical, sexual, or psychological abuse by a parent or significant other in child’s life Most widely accepted explanation is a survival strategy that serves to help children cope with horrifying sexual, physical, or psychological abuse

Etiology of Depersonalization

Genetics

 More common with first-degree relatives 

Etiology of Depersonalization

Neurobiological

Possible correlation between neurological alterations

Areas of the brain associated with memory include:

Hippocampus

Amydala

Fornix

Mammillary bodies

Thalamus

Frontal cortex

Etiology of Depersonalization

Psychodynamic Theory

  Freud; occurred when individuals repressed distressing mental contents from conscious awareness

Etiology of Depersonalization

Psychological Trauma

Traumatic experiences that overwhelms the individual’s capacity to cope by any means other than dissociation

Experiences take form of severe physical, sexual, or psychological abuse by a parent or significant other in child’s life

Most widely accepted explanation is a survival strategy that serves to help children cope with horrifying sexual, physical, or psychological abuse

Psychophysiological disorders & psychosocial profiles

Asthma

Psychophysiological disorders & psychosocial profiles

Cancer

Psychophysiological disorders & psychosocial profiles

Coronary heart disease

Psychophysiological disorders & psychosocial profiles

Peptic ulcer disease

Psychophysiological disorders & psychosocial profiles

Essential hypertension

Psychophysiological disorders & psychosocial profiles

Migraine headache

Psychophysiological disorders & psychosocial profiles

Rheumatoid arthritis

Psychophysiological disorders & psychosocial profiles

Ulcerative colitis