Term
| behavioral maladaptiveness |
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Definition
| one clear sign of ABNORMAL behavior or mental state - when an individual's behavior is destructive to SELF and SOCIAL GROUP |
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Term
| DSM - IV - TR; why revised so much? |
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Definition
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition, "text revision"
- revised so much because the formulation and application of the diagnostic criteria varies by social and cultural variables |
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Term
| What employs a 5 axis classification system and what for? |
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Definition
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual to diagnose and treat |
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Term
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Definition
| acute clinical disorders - why patient came in ex. phobia/depression |
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Term
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Definition
long-standing conditions that may interact with Axis I ex. developmental disorders, learning disabilities, mental retardation |
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Term
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Definition
| medical conditions which may contribute/underlie Axis I disorder ex. open heart surgery makes people depressed |
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Term
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Definition
| social/environmental factors ex. divorce, moving |
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Term
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Definition
| global assessment of functioning --> scores how well patient copes with disorder on a day to day basis in a variety of situations/environments |
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Term
| anxiety disorders split into 2 major categories: what are they and what are their subcategories? |
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Definition
1. source unidentifiable
a. generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
b. Panic disorder (panic attack)
2. source definable
a. phobia
b. OCD
c. PTSD - post traumatic stress disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| generalized anxiety disorder - anxiety/distress are free floating; worry over common everyday things (i.e. parking) so are CONSTANTLY worried; it is persistent and chronic |
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Term
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Definition
| panic disorder - very intense and debilitating, though confined to brief episodes; can be so severe it feels like a heart attack - can be triggered by stressful situation but often out of nowhere |
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Term
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Definition
| unreasonable/excessive, beyond sufferer's control to point where it interferes with daily life; can be simple or complex (i.e. fear of stimulus - dogs vs. fear of stimuli - elevators, falling, tight enclosed places, etc) or social (fear of what might occur in company of others ex. blushing, losing self control, making a mistake) |
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Term
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Definition
| obsessive compulsive disorder - sufferer experiences intrusive thoughs (source of anxiety) and can only be relieved by performing an often ritualistic act (the compulsion); compulsion doesn't have to relate to obsession directly as long as it relieves anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
Post traumatic stress disorder - experience vivid flashbacks (almost like reliving) that are unpredictable in frequency/occurence; also night mares, depression, insomnia, emotional detachment
Acute Stress Disorder 0 only diagnosed during 1 month after the traumatic event; also amnesia for aspects of event, emotional detachment, emotional numbing, depersonalization |
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Term
| depression - splits into two major categories and what subcategories? |
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Definition
1. major depression (unipoloar)
a. exogenous vs. endogenous
b. involtional depressoin
c. postpartum depression PPD
d. seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
2. Manic Depression (bi-polar) |
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Term
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Definition
exogenous depression - depression triggered by external even (i.e. divorce, death); usually responds well to meds
endogenous - no apparent external triggering event - caused by genetics or malfunction in brain chemistry; specifically low levels of 1 or more of the MONAMINES - sometimes resistant to meds |
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Term
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Definition
| late middle-age/elderly related to aging and physiological/psychological changes associated (i.e. loss of fitness, decreased mental abilities) |
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Term
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Definition
| depression that arguably has changes in the body's physiology as its general cause ex. pregnancy |
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Term
| bi-polar - define, treatment |
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Definition
manic depression
a. cyclical swing betwen mania (abnormally elevated mood and energy) and depression - not balanced - depression phase lasts much longer
b. treatment: not so much antidepressansts but rather MOOD STABILZERS; idea is: stop manic phase, depressive phase won't follow
c. most common treatment: lithium, if doesn't respond to that, some anticonvulsant meds may be |
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Term
| schizophrenia - two forms? |
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Definition
"split-mind" - break from reality
-less than 1% of population
-women/men equally susceptible
a. Acute (reactive) schizophrenia
b. chronic (process) schizophrenia |
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Term
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Definition
| (reactive) - does NOT run in families - can occur to an individual at any time in life; precipatated by emotionally traumatic/stressful event; not very responsive to medication; once recovered, not typically at danger for re-lapse |
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Term
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Definition
| (process) - heritable; 1st presents self in late adolescence/young adulthood; early stages can be misdiagnosed as OCD or ADD; treatable with meds and is usually effective; person will eventurally go through remission, regain clarity of thought --> disorder will recur periodically throughout person's life with psychotic period increasing and clear periods getting shorter/less frequent |
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Term
patterns/ CORRELATIONS present in kids who develop schizo |
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Definition
a. birth complications
b. separation from mother
c. hospitalized father for alcoholism/schizo
d. behavior problems in school
e. spurts and lags in development of visual/motor abilities |
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Term
| Type I symptoms of schizo |
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Definition
| positive - symptoms are "added" to psychological state (i.e. hallucinations, delusions, confused thinking); functioned well in social areas before disorder and during periods of clarity; respond well to meds; due to OVER ACTIVE DOPAMINE TRANSMISSION (ppl who abuse stimulant drugs can develop stimulant-induced psychosis, virutally indstinguishable, but symptoms subside after detox) |
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Term
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Definition
| negative - deficits from a person's normal psychological state (i.e. impaired attention, seclusiveness, poverty of speech, emotional unresponsiveness); poor in social settings before disorder and during clarity; NOT responsive to meds; due to diffuse structural brain damage, usually before birth; evidence --> flu epidemic during 2nd trimester (critical for babies) had babies with higher risk of schizo |
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Term
| borderline personality disorder (BPD) |
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Definition
mostly women - 3 times more likely than men; teeter between a variety of neurotic traits - display INTENSE EMOTIONAL instability and psychotic symptoms; often maniuplative and display emotional neediness to avoid abandonment (real or imagined); great consumers of outpatient mental health system |
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Term
| Antisocial Personality Disorder ( APD) |
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Definition
| sociopath/psychopath, more common in men; 3 traits CORRELATED: a. bedwetting b. cruelty to animals c. pyromania; severe cases --? no conscience, guilt, or concern for others, thrill-seeking and impulsive but with little signs of arousal/anxiety; can show signs of conscience but its a well mimicked behavior |
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Term
| dissociative disorders - common thread |
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Definition
| psychological dissociation, in which certain thoughts/emotions/memories are spearated from awareness |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to recall important personal imforation; loss is sudden and due to psychological stressful event; may be brief or prolonged and recovery sudden or gradual |
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Term
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Definition
| same as amnesia except 2 things: a. fugue's often travel away from homes and assume new identity b. amnesia sufferer's recall entire past while futugue's only regain old memories - no recollection of fugue memories |
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Term
| dissociative identity disorder |
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Definition
| (multiple personalities) - presence of two or more distinct identities - each with own pattern of perceiving, thinking aobut environment/self; personalities recurrently take control of person's behavior - often inability to recall/share memories between personalities; coping mechanism for a severe/early childhood psychological trauma |
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Term
| attention deficit with hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |
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Definition
mostly male children; characterized by inattention, impuslivity, and hyperactivity; have disturbances in behavior and cognitive function that are similar to patients with frontal lobe impairments; learning impariments attributed to:
a. deficits in attention to stimuli
b. deficits in the expression of learned behavior
c. impairments in working memory (verbal and spatial)
patients show structural abnormalities in frontal cortex and basal ganglia circuit (FC/BG)
medical treatment --> indirecte CATECHOLAMINE agonsits - alleles of specific dopamine related genes are associated with disorder |
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Term
| pervasive development disorder (PPD/autism) |
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Definition
show little to no responsiveness to others / outside world; impaired verbal/nonverbal communication; highly restricted range of interests/obsessed with rituals and order
ex. Temple Grandin - Ph.D. in animal science, prof. at Colorado State, design/costruction of humane, low-stress livestock handling facilities --> obsession with rituals and order to deal with intense and intrusive sensory stimuli we can filter out; PDD patients not typically savants (possessing extraordinary metal/artistic skills) |
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Term
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Definition
| Kim Peek - did NOT have autism, was a savant born with no corpus callosum - his savant due to brains compensatory changes to deal with lack of c.c. |
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Term
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Definition
Ph.D., MD with specialized psych training, ONLY ones who can prescribe drugs, usually all work in hospital settings |
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Term
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Definition
Ph.D. or Psy.D, no MD, limited to various forms of psychotherapy; can work in any setting (like psychiatrist) - but many focus on research and private practice, employees at universities |
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Term
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Definition
| Ph.D / Psy.D - like clinical psych but doesn't see patients with severe disorders, more traditional talking therapies (Rogers/Maslow) and typically don't work in hospitals |
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