Term
Meningococcal Disease
Agent: |
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Definition
-caused by the gramnegative bacterium
Neisseria meningitidis |
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Term
Meningococcal Disease:
5 major serogroups? |
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Definition
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Term
Meningococcal Disease
Which serogroup do we not have a vaccine for? |
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Definition
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Term
Meningococcal Disease:
What percent of the population in endemic countries may be asymptomatic carriers (colonization of the nasophyarnx)? |
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Definition
| 5%-10% and in some cases as many as 25% or more. |
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Term
Meningococcal Disease
Transmission: |
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Definition
by direct contact:
-including respiratory droplets from nose and throat. |
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Term
Meningococcal Disease
Where is the greatest risk? |
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Definition
| Greatest risk for croweded populations such as colleges, schools, prisons, daycare centers. |
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Term
Meningococcal Disease:
Who is at the higest risk? |
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Definition
*College freshman in dorms are at high risk.
*Persons, aged 18-23, especially those who smoke and drink.
*Children aged 2-5.
*Those with antecedent viral infection
*Asplenic patients.
*Those with blood complement deficiencies. |
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Term
Meningococcal Disease:
When does it most often occur? |
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Definition
*Peaks in late winter-early spring.
*Infections result in group-specific immunity.
*Outbreaks are now primarily serogroup B, also Y and C; previously group A cause most disease. |
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Term
Meningococcal Disease:
Incubation period? |
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Definition
| Incubation 2-10 days, usually 3-4 days |
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Term
Meningococcal Disease:
symptoms |
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Definition
*sudden onset of fever
*intense headache
*nausea
*vomiting
*stiff neck
*prostration
*delirium
*coma
*shock may occur |
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Term
Meningococcal Disease:
Diagnosed?
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Definition
By recovery of bacteria from CSF.
-subclinical infections typically occur. |
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Term
Meningococcal Disease:
how does it most commonly manifest itself? |
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Definition
| *most commonly as meningitis and/or sepsis (meningocococcemia) |
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Term
Meningococcal Disease:
What does meningitis and/or sepsis rapidly turn into? |
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Definition
| pupura fulminans-hermorrhage into the skin (purple rash) and clotting in blood vessels, shock and death. |
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Term
Meningococcal Disease:
What is the case-fatality rate with early diagnosis? |
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Definition
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Term
Meningococcal Disease:
What is case-fatality rate without early diagnosis? |
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Definition
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Term
Meningococcal Disease:
What percent of survivors have sequelae (neurologic disability, limb loss, hearing loss)? |
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Definition
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Term
Meningococcal Disease:
In what years was the highest rate of disease among infants and the rate for those 18-23? |
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Definition
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Term
Meningococcal Disease:
Therapy? |
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Definition
*IV Penicillin-drug of choice
*ampicillin
*chloramphenicol
**Resistant strains have been reported in several countries to include USA.
*Rifampin is used to treat close contacts for two days. |
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Term
Meningococcal Disease:
Outbreak response |
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Definition
*Respiratory isolation
*Prophylaxis of close contacts
*Mass immunization of affected population.
*Education awareness for public, healthcare professionals, school officials, day care centers, and media. |
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Term
Meningococcal Disease:
Prevention and Control |
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Definition
*Educate parents as to disease signs and symptoms.
*Encourage colleges to promote disease awareness and immunization, especially for college freshman prior to admission.
*Support development of new vaccines and new treatments.
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Term
Meningococcal Disease:
Vaccines? |
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Definition
*A conjugate tetravalent vaccine (A, C, Y, W-135) was approved in 2005 for persons 11-55 years of age. It has since been approved for children 2-10 at high risk.
-Recommended for high risk groups>2 yrs to includeasplenic, those with complement deficiencies, laboratory personnel, and teens and young adults.
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Term
Meningococcal Disease
how long do vaccines ensure protection for? |
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Definition
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Term
Meningococcal Disease
What does the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend for vaccines? |
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Definition
-Recommends the vaccination for:
*children at the 11-12 year visit
*students entering high school or 15 year olds
*college freshmen who will be living in dorms. |
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