Term
| between the dura and periosteum(endosteum) it is not really a space in the brain so they call it the inner and outer dura layers sometimes including the endosteum as an outer layer - easier to separate the endosteum from the bone than from the dura |
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Definition
| where is the epidural space (between what layers?) |
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Term
| subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and pia mater) |
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Definition
| where is the CSF(what layer/space?) |
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Term
| between the dura and arachnoid |
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Definition
| between what layers is the subdural space? |
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Term
nothing! in the brain it adheres directly, in the spine it is padded with fat and veins
note: the veins still exist, just as dural sinuses |
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Definition
| what is between the dura and the neurocranium endosteum? |
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Term
the roots and margins
Almost every root has a sinus, but not every margin |
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Definition
| where do the sinuses exist in the dural folds? |
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Term
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Definition
| what type of blood is found in dural sinuses? |
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Term
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Definition
| name the periosteum of the endocranial cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| between what layers of dura is there a potential space that is easily forced open with a bleed, but normally kept close with the pressure of CSF? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| root is against the bone, margin is in the edge of the fold that projects into the endocranial cavity |
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Definition
| where is the root of the dural fold? the margin? |
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Term
| filaments of the arachnoid mater |
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Definition
| what is found in the subarachnoid space besides CSF? |
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Term
| pia mater, arachnoid just bridges the gaps |
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Definition
| what is the only dura layer that follows the sulci/gyri? |
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Term
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Definition
| name the larges dural fold that is a mid-line sickle shaped structure between the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum |
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Term
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Definition
| name the horizontal sheath of dura between the cerebrum and cerebellum |
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Term
anteriorly: a projection of the ethmoid bone: the crista galli
posteriorly it splits and forms the tentorium cerebelli |
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Definition
| where is the falx cerebri anchored anteriorly? posteriorly? |
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Term
| the midline gap in the tentorium cerebelli that allows communication between the cerebrum and more inferior parts of the brain |
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Definition
| what is the tentorial notch? |
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Term
| diaphragm sellae (there is a hole for the stalk of the petuitary) |
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Definition
| name the dura that covers the sella tursica |
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Term
| yes, they leave ridges in the bone where the flax attached for example |
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Definition
| can you see in a dried skull where the dural folds were? |
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Term
| the anterior attachment of the falx to the crista galli? |
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Definition
| what is the frontal crest? |
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Term
| the sphenoid (h. fossa aka sella tursica) |
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Definition
| wha bone has the hypophyseal fossa? |
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Term
1) anterior clinoid processes
2) posterior clinoid processes |
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Definition
| name the attachment points of the diaphragm sellae |
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Term
| the ridge on the petrous part of the temporal bone |
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Definition
| what bone does the tentorium cerebelli anchor to (what ridge)? |
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Term
| sigmoid sinus(behind temporal), transverse sinuses |
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Definition
| name the 2 sinuses in the grooves of the occipital bone |
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Term
| internal occipital protuberence, it marks the intersection of falx and the tentorium, and the falx cerbelli |
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Definition
| name the intersection of ridges/grooves in the back of the occipital bone, why is it important? |
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Term
| tentorial incisure (aka tentorial notch???) |
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Definition
| name the hole around the midbrain that allows the cerebrum and lower brain parts to communicate |
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Term
| corpus callosum, 3rd ventricle |
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Definition
| what brain structure lies just deep to the falx cerebri & longitudinal cerebral fissure? deep to that? |
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Term
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Definition
| name the largest dural sinus at the root of the falx cerebri |
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Term
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Definition
| name the dural sinus at the margin of the falx cerebri |
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Term
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Definition
| name the sinus at the root of the tentorium cerebelli (on the occipital sinus) |
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Term
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Definition
| name the dural sinus in the margin of the tentorium cerebelli |
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Term
| sigmoid sinus, this sinus receives blood from the transverse sinus and flows downward |
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Definition
| name the S shaped sinus behind the temporal bone, where does the blood flowing to this sinus come from? |
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Term
| it does not have an associated dural fold, some dura just bridges over a groove in the bone to form the sigmoid sinus |
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Definition
| how is the sigmoid sinus formed in dura? |
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Term
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Definition
| this sinus is not associated with bone, but serves as an intersection between the inferior sagittal sinus and the great cerebral vein |
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Term
| confluence of sinus (posterior in the endocranial cavity) |
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Definition
| where the straight sinus and superior sagittal sinus meet the transverse sinus |
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Term
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Definition
| name the sinus in the root of the falx cerebelli |
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Term
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Definition
| these sinuses lie on either side of the sphenoid bone and have no associated dural fold and look like vertical slits |
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Term
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Definition
| name the sinuses behind the petuitary gland, but anterior to the cavernous sinus |
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Term
| petrosal sinuses (superior) |
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Definition
| name the along the petrous part of the temporal bone at the root of the tentorium, where it continues anteriorly after the transverse sinus turns down into the sigmoid sinus |
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Term
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Definition
| is the inferior petrosal sinus associated with a dural fold? the superior? |
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Term
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Definition
| connects the cavernous sinus to the sigmoid sinus through the root of the tentorium |
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Term
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Definition
| where does the inferior petrosal sinus drain? |
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Term
| sigmoid sinus to the internal jugular vein |
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Definition
| primary route of venous blood drainage from the brain |
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Term
| both flow front to back (toward the confluence) |
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Definition
| what is the direction of blood flow in the superior sagittal sinus? inferior? |
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Term
inf:
converges with the great cerebral vein
to form the straight sinus
then to the confluence |
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Definition
| describe blood flow from the inferior sagittal sinus to the confluence |
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Term
| a venous plexus in the epidural space "the vertebral plexus" |
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Definition
| where does the occipital sinus drain? |
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Term
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Definition
| what connects the cavernous sinus to the sigmoid sinus? |
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Term
| transverse (except the occipital sinus) |
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Definition
| "everything drains into the ___ sinus then into the sigmoid sinus" |
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Term
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Definition
| what direction does blood flow in the transverse sinus? |
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Term
| jugular foramen (from the sigmoid sinus) |
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Definition
| where is the transition for dural sinus to true vein? |
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Term
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Definition
| what do dural sinuses drain besides blood? |
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Term
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Definition
| what makes CSF continuously? |
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Term
lateral ventricles (one in each hemisphere)
a little in the 3rd ventricle |
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Definition
| where is most of the CSF made? |
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Term
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Definition
| name the space between the brain stem and cerebrum that goes from the 3rd ventricle to the 4th |
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Term
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Definition
| what lies just anterior to the 4th ventricle? |
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Term
| 1 in back, pair in front, so 3 |
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Definition
| how many openings shunt CSF from the 4th ventricle to the subarachnoid space? |
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Term
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Definition
| specialisations of arachnoid mater that project through holes of dura into the dural sinuses |
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Term
| drain CSF to the dural sinuses which is normally at higher pressure, but don't let blood back in |
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Definition
| what flows through arachnoid granulations? |
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Term
in the superior saggital sinus &
lateral lacunae b/w dura and endosteum |
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Definition
| where are most of the arachnoid granulations found? |
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Term
| used to think it was the granulations, but it is now known that lymphatic drainage is the primary route |
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Definition
| what is the main way CSF is drained from the subarachnoid space to venous circulation? |
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Term
there is lymph drainage from dura/arachnoid mater
& along cranial n roots
-eventually it ends up in venous circulation |
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Definition
| where are the lymphatic drainage locations of CSF? |
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Term
1) fluid build up INSIDE the brain (forcing brain tissue against walls of neurocranium)
2) obstruction of drainage of the subarachnoid space (once fluid has left the brain) pressing on brain from outside compressing it to the size of a tennis ball |
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Definition
| name the 2 types of hydrocephalus |
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Term
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Definition
| blood supply for most of the dura & bone, important in endocranial bleeds |
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Term
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Definition
| this artery is at risk of laceration with a crushing blow to the side of the head due to a thin portion of bone |
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Term
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Definition
| between the endostium and bone, the middle meningeal artery leaks blood between dura and endosteum causing the space to quickly fill and put pressure on the brain, what kind of hemorrhage is this? |
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Term
| a subdural bleed (venous) happens in old people because as their brain shrinks the bridging veins stretch and are more succeptible to shearing |
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Definition
| a bleed between the arachnoid mater and the endosteum/dura combination into the subdural space (a potential space) that tends to occur when the bridging veins get sheared like in a car accident or like in a fall with an old person. |
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Term
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Definition
| this type of bleed happens usually due to strokes/aneurisms where blood mixes with the CSF under the arachnoid mater |
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Term
epidural and subdural put pressure on the brain
subarachnoid disrupts the blood supply |
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Definition
| name types of bleeds that put pressure on the brain, what type actually interrupts the blood supply to the brain? |
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Term
1) subarachnoid (arterial)
2) epidural (arterial)
3) subdural (venous) |
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Definition
| list the types of brain bleeds in order of what will kill you the quickest |
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