Term
| What are the five pillars of practice? |
|
Definition
1. Testimony of Faith
2. Five Daily prayer
3. Almsgiving, giving to the poor
4. Fasting
5. Pilgrimage |
|
|
Term
| What are the Five Pillars of faith? |
|
Definition
1) a singular God (Allah)
2) a sequence of prophets
3) series of revelations
4) host of angels
5) Resurrection (Judgment/ Heaven and Hell) |
|
|
Term
| What does the Qur’an teach about the birth of Jesus? |
|
Definition
It is a miraculous birth of the Virgin Mary, but he is not the Son of God
To muslims and in the Qur’an: he says he's a human, a messenger of God. God didn't father him. He wasn't the son of God.
Do not believe he was crucified. That before he was crucified God replaced his body with an individual that looked like him and saved him from crucifixion. |
|
|
Term
| Who was the last Prophet according to the Qur’an? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the Qur’an say about the birth of Jesus and the divinity of Jesus? |
|
Definition
| Not the Son of God, no divinity of Jesus, human, a messenger of God, not crucified |
|
|
Term
| What is the common belief among Muslims about the crucifixion of Jesus? |
|
Definition
| God replaced his body with another human being that looked like him before Jesus ascended into heaven |
|
|
Term
| What are three aspects of the story of Adam and Eve only mentioned in the Qur'an and not in the Bible? |
|
Definition
Satan is not a serpent,
only mention not to approach the tree,
both Adam and Eve tasted it,
both repented,
Eve was not born from Adam's rib
Eve was NOT guilty, both were equally at fault
no such thing as original sin |
|
|
Term
| What are the four primary components of the Constitution of Medina? |
|
Definition
Loyalty to Muslim people,
Jews are a community and allies of the Muslims,
Muhammad is supreme political authority of the Muslim Umma and Jews,
Medina is a sanctuary |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the points of contentions that other Muslims hold against Sufism? |
|
Definition
a. Sufism followers visit tombs of sufi saints, but other scholars don't believe in this
b. Walis can do miracles, other scholars believe that miracles are only created by
God or prophets
c. Sufism believe in forgiving sins
d. Reverence of saints
e. Visiting the graves of the saints
f. Considers saints to be mediators |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 primary sources for Islamic law? |
|
Definition
a. Quran
b. Sunna
c. Consensus of Scholars
d. analytical reasoning
e. opinions of early muslim authorities |
|
|
Term
| What are the differences between Sunni and Shi’i Islam? |
|
Definition
1-Political: Shi’i believe that Ali was rightful successor, and Sunni believe in the rightly guided Caliphs Abu Bakr
2-Leadership: Shi’i see Imams as the leaders, Sunni see Caliphs as rightful leaders (divinely ordained)
3-chain of transmitters (isnad)
4-taxes: Shi’i have a 20% tax, Sunni do not
5-chronicle books: Sunni have 6, Shi’i have 4 |
|
|
Term
| Name the three main Shi’i sects? |
|
Definition
a. Twelvers/Imami
a. Isma'ilis
b. Zaydis |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the common themes that some of the Muslim revivalists called for to preserve Islam and rescue the Muslim umma? |
|
Definition
| Return to the time of the Prophet and the few generations after, purify the religion, eradicate Sufism |
|
|
Term
| Name five revivalists we studied in this course |
|
Definition
a. Muhammad Abduh
b. Hassan al Banna
c. Ibn Abd al-Wahhab
d. Sayyid Qutb, khomeine
e. Al-Afghani
f. Rashid Rida |
|
|
Term
| What did Ibn Abd al-Wahhab call for to preserve Islam? |
|
Definition
| called for muslims to purge and go back to pristine Islam at the time of the prophet and his companions |
|
|
Term
| Which branch of Islam did Ibn Abd al-Wahhab target? Do we see remnants of Ibn Abd al-Wahhab today? Which Muslim states is this most prevalent? |
|
Definition
Shia Islam
You do see remnants to today in Syria and Iraq with fundamentalist groups.
many states still discriminate against these beliefs (i.e. Iraq and Syria) |
|
|
Term
| What did al-Afghani call for? |
|
Definition
| Pan-Islamism (uniting all of Islam under one banner) |
|
|
Term
| What did Rashid Rida call for to rescue Islam? |
|
Definition
| Called for reforms in law. Ijtihad. he was involved in thee Salafist movement. |
|
|
Term
| Name some of the reforms that Muhammad Abduh called for? |
|
Definition
a. Reforming Al-Azhar for a college
b. Reforming education
c. Reforming Sharia courts
d. Wanted to restrict polygamy.
e. Called for itjihad |
|
|
Term
| Who established the Muslim brotherhood in Egypt? What are some of the issues he called for? |
|
Definition
Hasan al-Banna.
He thought islam was a comprehensive way of life with rituals, practices, political systems. Islam is a comprehensive system which deals with all spheres of life, called for return to Koran and Sunna, against innovations, jurists rulings are open for critique and reform, allowed for an open dialogue and the difference in opinions in legal matters |
|
|
Term
| What made Ayatollah Khomeini’s concept of “Rule of the Expert Jurist” such a radical idea in the Imami Shi‘i tradition? |
|
Definition
| Belief that the expert scholar (not the Imam) should lead the community. Quite controversial. |
|
|
