Term
| What are the three stages of memorizing? (plus definition) |
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Definition
1 - Encoding: taking in information of the environment in ways in which "we understand" (putting 2 and 2 together).
2 - Storage: Keeping info in memory.
3 - Retrieval: Time to remove! DRIVEN BY CUES! CONTEXT DEPENDENCY/CLUES!
*ALL STAGES ARE DEPENDENT ON EACH OTHER. |
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Term
Iconic Memory is to... (sensory)
Echoic Memory is to... (sensory) |
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Definition
Iconic = Visual
Echoic = Auditory |
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Term
| Flashbulb Memory (Long-Term) |
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Definition
An enhanced memory connected by emotional events.
Strength of this memory lessens at same rate as others. |
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Term
| Implicit Memory (Long-Term) |
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Definition
| IMPLIED or involuntary memories. Reflects behavior. |
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Term
| Explicit Memory (Long-Term) |
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Definition
| FACTUAL memories. Something that has already occurred; has prior knowledge about. |
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Term
| Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) |
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Definition
| When two neurons create a relationship (like a marriage) and once one neuron fires, the other fires right after. Sort of dependent of one another. |
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Term
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Definition
Drugs (blocks enzyme that creates LTP connection).
Mutant Mice |
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Term
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Definition
| More meaning you can attach to a word or phrase, the more you think about it and put thought into it -> will be able to memorize better. |
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Term
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Definition
Automatic: comes naturally -> space, time, frequency.
Effortful: requires rehearsal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Info learned PREVIOUSLY that interferes with learning or memorizing new info. Ex: Video games - controller changes. |
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Term
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Definition
| NEW information interfering with remembering old information. |
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Term
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Definition
1 - unimportance
2 - motivated forgetting
3 - lack of rehearsal
4 - time conquers all |
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Term
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Definition
| List several words related to the same things, person will miss the target word. |
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Term
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Definition
| Results in the creation of false memories. |
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Term
| How do we Organize Encoding? |
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Definition
1 - Imagery
2 - Mnemonic Devices: Memory devices used to remember things - Acronyms.
3 - Chunking
4 - Hierarchies: pulling details from a single item and knowing all the aspects of it. |
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Term
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Definition
Recognition: answers in front of face (multiple choice).
Recall: answers are not visually there (fill in the blank). |
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Term
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Definition
| An idea that can't be helped but by spreading out through all the different ideas associated with the initial idea. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency to remember items at the beginning or end of a list better than the items in the middle. |
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Term
| Atkinson & Shiffrin Model of Memory |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Virtually limitless - not sure what full capacity is.
Has slow access - takes a while to figure things out.
"Tip of the tongue" phenomenon. |
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Term
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Definition
Limited capacity of units -> letters, words, sentences.
Can access info quickly -> Miller: "Magic Number 7^+/-2" and Cowen: 4^+/-1 without rehearsal. |
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Term
| Stage Model of Memory (3) |
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Definition
1 - Sensory memory
2 - Short-Term memory.
3 - Long-Term memory. |
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