Term
| 2 main events in the life cycle of eukaryotic organisms |
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Definition
Fertilization
Meiosis- gametes are formed |
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Term
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Definition
| Sperm and egg join to form the zygote |
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Term
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Definition
| A cell in diploid state following fertilization |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell consisting of 2 sets of chromosomes, 1 from mom and 1 from dad |
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Term
| Process that produces eggs and sperm |
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Definition
| Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis |
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Term
| 2 phases of Meiosis 1 that result in genetic diversity |
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Definition
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Term
| Event in prophase 1 that results in genetic diversity |
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Definition
| Replicated homologous chromosome pairs form tetrads and crossing over occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| A 4 part structure that forms during the prophase of meiosis and consists of 2 homologous chromosomes, each composed of 2 sister chromatids |
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Term
| Event that occurs in metaphase 1 that results in genetic diversity |
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Definition
| Tetrads align at the equator with either homologue facing either pole (independent assortment) |
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Term
| Explain how meiosis 2 is like mitosis |
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Definition
| Just like mitosis, sister chromatids line up at the equator and separate, end result is 4 cells, each with 23 chromosomes -> a haploid |
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Term
| End result of meiosis 2 and ploidy # |
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Definition
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Term
| Difference of meiosis and mitosis: function |
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Definition
Meiosis: produces gametes (1 cell ->4)
Mitosis: used for growth and replacement (1 cell ->2) |
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Term
| Difference of meiosis and mitosis: chromosome # |
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Definition
Meiosis: reduces the chromosome #by half in daughter cells
Mitosis: maintains the chromosome # in daughter cells |
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Term
| Difference of meiosis and mitosis: unique or identical |
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Definition
Meiosis: produces genetically unique cells
Mitosis: produces genetically identical cells |
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Term
| How chromosomes are inherited from the parents by the zygote |
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Definition
| Each gamete normally contains 22 autosome and 1 sex chromosome, fertilization restores the diploid condition of 46 chromosomes, 1 set from each parent |
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Term
| Nondisjunction in mitosis |
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Definition
| The failure of sister chromatids to separate during and after mitosis |
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Term
| Nondisjunction in meiosis |
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Definition
| The failure of homologous chromosomes to segregate or to separate during and after meiosis |
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Term
| 2 points during meiosis when nondisjunction can occur |
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Definition
| Failure of separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis 1 (anaphase) or of sister chromatids during meiosis 2 |
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Term
| Result of nondisjunction in terms of chromosome number in gametes |
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Definition
| One gamete will have 24 chromosomes and the other will have 22 |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 fewer chromosome at a pair (22 total) |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 extra chromosome at a pair of 24 total |
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Term
| 2 autosomal chromosome syndromes |
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Definition
Trisomy 21- Down's syndrome
Trisomy 18- Edward's syndrome |
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Term
| Autosomal chromosome conditions |
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Definition
| Have a defect with the number of chromosomal pairs |
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Term
| Sex chromosome conditions |
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Definition
| Have a defect with the sex chromosome |
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Term
| 2 sex chromosome syndromes in females |
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Definition
Turner syndrome (X_)- short, broad chest, sterile, no boobs or period
Metafemales (XXX)- tall, thin, menstruate but sterile |
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Term
| 2 sex chromosome syndromes in males |
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Definition
Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)- the more Xs the more retardation, small balls, tall and long, reduced facial hair
Jacob's syndrome (XYY)- tall, ance, speech and reading problems |
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Term
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Definition
| Radiation, organic chemicals, viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| A segment of the chromosome breaks off |
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Term
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Definition
| A chromosomal segment appears more than once in a segment |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of a chromosome segment from one chromosome to another |
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Term
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Definition
| A defect in the chromosome in which a segment of the chromosome break off and reinserted in the same place but in the reverse direction relative to the rest of the chromosome |
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Term
| 2 syndromes caused by deletion |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chromosome 7- pixies, excellent verbal and musical skills, poor academics |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromosome 5- retarded, small head, abnormal development of glottis and larynx results in "cat's cry" |
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