Term
| Eukaryotic chromosomes are _____ and ________ with proteins and ______ folded |
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Definition
| Linear and Covered with proteins and Highly folded |
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Term
| Prokaryotic chromosomes are _____ and ________ with proteins and ______ folded |
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Definition
| Prokaryotic chromosomes are circular and don't have proteins and not highly folded |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Center circle thing of chromosome |
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Term
| 2 sister chromatids make up _____ chromosome(s) |
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Definition
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Term
| A chromosome with four arms is actually ___ chromosome(s) |
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Definition
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Term
| When bacteria have ______ chromosomes it is almost always a ______ thing. It ______ them to do things they couldn't before |
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Definition
| Extra chromosomes it is almost always a good thing. It enables them to do things they couldn't before |
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Term
| Bacteria process called _______ |
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Definition
Conjugation
Fucking Boswell |
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Term
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Definition
| Extra chromosomes in bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria arm that sticks to other bacteria |
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Term
Haploid= _ of each of chromosome
Diploid= _ of each of chromosome
Triploid= _ of each of chromosome
________= 4 of each of chromosome |
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Definition
Haploid= 1 of each of chromosome
Diploid= 2 of each of chromosome
Triploid= 3 of each of chromosome
Tetraloid= 4 of each of chromosome |
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Term
| Chromosomes are usually found as ____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Really similar/ Matching pair |
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Term
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Definition
| Set of instructions to build one protein |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| All chromosomes have ___ genes |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ & ______ only haploid cells in humans |
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Definition
| Sperm & eggs only haploids |
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Term
Humans have _____ pairs chromosomes SO
Humans have _____ total chromosomes |
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Definition
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Term
Haploid number in humans
Diploid number in humans |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Everything that is not CELL? or egg
Diploid in humans |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Picture with all of the chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Everything besides sex chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| An extra chromosome in EVERY pair. Impossible in humans |
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Term
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Definition
| An extra chromosome in ONE pair |
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Term
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Definition
| Downs Syndrome, extra chromosome 21 |
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Term
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Definition
| The wrong number of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| A missing chromosome in ONE pair |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 Xs and a Y specific to boys. Trisomy |
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Term
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Definition
Only monosomy that can survive.
2% survival rate.
Specific to girls.
Monsomy |
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Term
3 steps of Interphase with #4 being another path
1.
2.
3.
4. |
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Definition
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Term
What has to be done to produce identical cells
1.
2.
3. |
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Definition
Replication of DNA
Move the DNA copies away from each other
Divide the cytoplasm by producing a wall or membrane |
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Term
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Definition
Gap One
Where cells growing replicating organelles and taking in food |
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Term
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Definition
Synthesis Phase
Where DNA in replicated |
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Term
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Definition
Gap Two
Reproduce/Replicate Chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Divide DNA and their chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| Before meiosis begins, genetic material is duplicated. |
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Term
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Definition
I Chiasmata break apart and sister chromatids begin migrating toward opposite poles.
II CHROMATIDS separate and begin moving to the poles. |
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Term
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Definition
I CLEAVAGE FURROW forms beginning the process of CYTOKINESIS (cell division). Resulting daughter cells are HAPLOID
II CLEAVAGE FURROW forms beginning CYTOKINESIS. |
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Term
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Definition
I SPINDLE FIBERS attach to each dyad. Tension from spindle fibers aligns the tetrads at the cell equator.
II Tension from spindle fibers aligns chromosomes at the metaphase plate. |
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Term
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Definition
I Dyad pairs align to create "TETRADS", non-sister chromatids connect and trade sections at a "CHIASMA", a process called "CROSSING OVER".
II Spindle formation begins and centrosomes begin moving toward poles. |
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Term
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Definition
| When two complete daughter cells form. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the chromosomes stick together |
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Term
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Definition
Simple replicated chromosome
Chromosome with 2 sister chromatids |
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Term
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Definition
2 Chromosomes stuck together
Pair of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| When the chromosomes trade pieces |
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Term
| Law of independent assortment |
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Definition
| Chromosomes line up independently within each pair. Random placement of chromosomes within a pair |
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Term
| In meiosis, you start with ___ ______ cell and end with _____ ___-____ _____ cells |
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Definition
| In meiosis, you start with one diploid cell and end with four non-identical haploid cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Groups of microtubules that move chromosomes during cell division |
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Term
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Definition
| A specialized region on the centromere of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| Groove formed in cell membrane as the cell contractile ring tightens |
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Term
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Definition
| Disc like structure on equator of the spindle |
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Term
| If a pair fails to disjoin in meiosis 2 it can lead to |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Crossing over between non-homologous chromosomes
Can cause down syndrome when chromosome 21 attaches to chromosome 14 |
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Term
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Definition
Reverses or changes gene order
Can be harmless or can cause infertility or sterility |
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Term
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Definition
Segment missing
Small deletion on X chromosome can cause color-blindness |
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Term
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Definition
Extra section of chromosome
Can cause Huntington's disease and Fragile X syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| When you and your twin fuse so some of your cells/ chromosomes can be the twins |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells grow out of control |
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Term
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Definition
| If turned off, promotes cell division and cell growth |
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Term
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Definition
| If turned on too much, promotes cell division and cell growth |
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Term
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Definition
| Usually have to mutate more then one gene to cause cancer |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When the chromsome inverses with changing the centromere |
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Term
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Definition
| When a chromosome inverses without changing the centromere |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| diploid number is the total number of CHROMOSOMES |
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Term
|
Definition
| Monosomy 23/Missing a sex chromosome |
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