Term
| Cells divide due to either a _____ or because ______ |
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Definition
| DNA overload or because the material exchange cannot keep up |
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Term
| The ability to transport oxygen, food, and waste across the cell membrane all depends on _____, but need for the depends on _____. THESE DONT HAVE THE SAME GROWTH RATE |
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Definition
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Term
Chromosomes can take two forms:
___________ or _________.
________ are DNA spread out in thin, thread-like strings while _______ is DNA wound tightly |
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Definition
Chromosomes or chromatin.
Chromatin=thin
chromosomes=tightly wound |
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Term
| Homologous pairs are the same size, shape, carry genes for _____, but not identical |
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Definition
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Term
| The cell first goes through ________, and spends most of it's time in this stage. It is the "___-dividing stage". There are three stages of this process. The first stage is ___ or "growth", where the cell spreads out DNA as ______ & it gets bigger. The second step, _____ or synthesis, where ___ and ________ are copied. Stage three, ____ or growth, the cell grows larger and molecules needed for ________ are made. |
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Definition
Interphase
non-dividing
G1, Chromatin
S, DNA and chromosonal proteins
G2, cell division |
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Term
Mitosis has five stages;
___,___,___,___, and ____ |
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Definition
| prophase, metaphase, anaephase, telophase, & cytokinesis |
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Term
| In prophase, ______ are first formed. In metaphase, ______ line up in the middle. In anaephase, _______ pull _____ apart. In telophase, two different _____ form. In cytokinesis, the _____ splits into two cells |
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Definition
chromosomes,
chromosomes,
centrioles pull chromatids,
nuclei,
cytoplasm |
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Term
| Each of our cells has __ homologous pairs of chromosomes, for a total of __ chromosomes total |
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Definition
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Term
| Meiosis is a process of _______ ______ in which the number of chromosomes per cell are cut in ____ through the _______ of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell |
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Definition
reduction division,
half,
seperation |
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Term
| In Meiosis 1, ___ new cells will be produced in a process almost identical to mitosis |
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Definition
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Term
| in prophase 1, ____ coils up into chromosomes and *homologous chromosomes pair to form a structure called a _____. THE BIG DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS IS THIS STEP. THIS DOES NOT HAPPEN DURING _______. |
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Definition
chromatin,
tetrad...MITOSIS |
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Term
| In Metaphase 1, ____ line up along the _____ of the cell into homologous pairs |
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Definition
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Term
| During Anaephase 1, chromosomes _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| In telophase 1, ________ complete the move to opposite poles and the ________ reforms. As well, _____ occurs, forming the original cell into two daughter cells with a ___ set of replicated _________. |
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Definition
homologous chromosome pairs,
nuclear envelope reforms,
cytokinesis occurs,
haploid...replicated chromosomes |
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Term
| Meiosis 2 begins without any _____ replication of the chromosome |
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Definition
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Term
| No _____ occurs during prophase 2, only the duplication of ____, the breakdown of the ______, and ____ fibers begin to form DO OCCUR. |
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Definition
chromosome duplication,
centrioles DO duplicate,
nuclear envelope breaks down,
spindle fibers |
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Term
| During metaphase 2, single chromosomes line up in the ____ of the cell and ____ form and attach to chromosomes |
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Definition
middle,
spindle fibers form |
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Term
| In Anaephase 2, the two ____ move to opposite poles of the cell, and because they are now seperated are referred to as ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| During Telophase 2, the _________ reforms, and cytokinesis occurs creating ____ daughter cells, each with a ___ set of chromosomes. And because of ______, some chromosomes have recombined segments of the original parental chromosomes |
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Definition
nuclear envelope reforms,
four daughter cells...haploid,
because of crossing-over |
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