Term
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Definition
| corresponding chromosomes which carry information for the same genes; 1 comes from male parent and 1 from female parent |
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Term
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Definition
| a cell containing both sets of homologous chromosomes, which include 2 complete sets of chromosomes and 2 complete sets of genes |
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Term
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Definition
| cell containing only a single set of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
a pair of homologous chromosomes ready to cross over
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
chromosomes in tetrads exchange pieces of chromatids and so swap genes as they cross over eachother
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| sex cells: sperm and eggs |
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Term
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Definition
males: 4 sperm
females: 1 egg and 3 polar bodies |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 genetically identical diploid cells |
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Term
| reasons mitosis is used... |
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Definition
- for an organism to grow
- to replace cells
- for asexual reproduction
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Term
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Definition
| produce gametes for sexual reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
| the cell created from a sperm cell and egg cell combined |
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Term
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Definition
-
(the cell has already gone through DNA replication during interphase, so it has 46 chromosomes, or 96 chromatids)
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tetrads are formed
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genes from one chromosome swap genes with its homologous pair by crossing over
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spindles form
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes line up across the cell, homologous pairs line up across from each other as tetrads but randomly choose sides |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cell divides when chromosomes are moved to the opposite sides of cell, forms two haploid cells (each with 23 chromosomes or 46 chromatids) |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 diploid cells prepare to seperate chromatids of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes line up across the center of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| sister chromatids are separated and moved to opposite sides of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
cells divide, 4 haploid cells are produced, each with 23 chromosomes
(note: in females, most of the cytoplasm is taken by the egg, so 1 egg and 3 polar bodies (smaller cells) are produced) |
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Term
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Definition
| cell division that produces gametes in sexually reproducing organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| the cell that goes through meiosis to produce gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| the inactive X chromosome in females |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes do not separate equally during meiosis, leaving abnormal numbers of chromosomes in cells |
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Term
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Definition
| the arrangement and classification of chromosomes of an organism based on size and homologous pairing; in humans, normally includes 46 chromosomes, 2 of which are sex chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| the chromosomes (X and Y) that determine an organism's sex |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes |
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Term
| karyotype of a healthy female |
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Definition
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Term
| karyotype of a healthy male |
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Definition
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Term
| karyotype of an individual with Klinefelter's syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
| karyotype of an individual with Jacob's syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
| karyotype of an individual with turner syndrome |
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Definition
45, XO
(the O stands for nothing; it is a place holder) |
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Term
| karyotype of a female with down syndrome |
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Definition
47, XX+21
(the extra chromosome comes from a third chromosome-21) |
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Term
| karyotype of a male with down syndrome |
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Definition
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