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MEDTR110 Chap4
Terms to know
103
Medical
Undergraduate 1
03/31/2024

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Cards

Term
Abductor
Definition
Muscle that draws a limb away from the body.
Term
Abnormal
Definition
Pertaining to away from rule or order.
Term
Adductor
Definition
Muscle that draws a limb toward the body.
Term
Adrenal Glands
Definition
Endocrine glands above the kidney
Term
Anabolism
Definition
Process of building up proteins in cells. 
Term
Analysis
Definition
Separation of a substance into various parts.
Term
Anoxia
Definition
Without oxygen.
Term
Ante Cibum
Definition
Before meals.
Term
Anteflexion
Definition
Bending forward.
Term
Antepartum
Definition
Before birth.
Term
Antibiotic
Definition
Chemical substance that has the ability to inhibit or destroy foreign organisms in the body
Term
Antibodies
Definition
Protein substances made by white blood cells in response to the presence of foreign antigens
Term
Antigen
Definition
a foreign body substance (such as a poison, virus, or bacterium).
Term
Antisepsis
Definition
The practice of eliminating microorganisms that cause disease
Term
Antitoxin
Definition
Substance produced against a poison; an antibody
Term
Apnea
Definition
Without Breathing
Term
Autoimmune Disease
Definition
Condition in which the immune system attacks normal, healthy cells producing chronic, disabling diseases
Term
Benign
Definition
Non-cancerous
Term
Bifurcation
Definition
Branching into two parts
Term
Bilateral
Definition
Pertaining to two or both sides
Term
Bilirubin
Definition
A chemical pigment that is produced when the red blood cells hemoglobin breaks down
Term
Bradycardia
Definition
Slow heartbeat
Term
CRISPR
Definition
Clustered-Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
Term
Catabolism
Definition
Cellular process of breaking down complex nutrients to simpler substances; energy is released to do the work of the cell
Term
Congenital Anomaly
Definition
an irregularity in a structure or organ. Hereditary Examples include: Webbed fingers/toes, heart defects, clubbed feet. Environmental examples include: Fetal alcohol syndrome
Term
Connective tissue
Definition
Tissue that supports and binds other tissues and parts. Examples are bone, cartilage, muscle, fat and fibrous tissues
Term
Contraindication
Definition
Factor that indicates against the administration of a drug or procedure in the care of a patient
Term
Contralateral
Definition
Affecting the opposite side of a part of the body.
Term
Dehydration
Definition
Excessive loss of water
Term
Dialysis
Definition
Separation of nitrogenous wastes from the blood when the kidneys no longer function; hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are examples
Term
Diameter
Definition
Measurement through the center of a circle.
Term
Diarrhea
Definition
Frequent passage of loose, watery stools
Term
Dysentery
Definition
Painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection.
Term
Dysplasia
Definition
Condition of abnormal formation.
Term
Dyspnea
Definition
Difficult breathing.
Term
Dystrophy
Definition
Condition of abnormal development
Term
Ectopic Pregnancy
Definition
Pregnancy that is out of place (not in the uterus). A fallopian tube is the most common site
Term
Endocardium
Definition
Inner lining of the heart.
Term
Endoscope
Definition
Instrument to visually examine the interior of the body.
Term
Endotracheal
Definition
Pertaining to within the windpipe
Term
Epithelium
Definition
Layer of cells covering the external surface of the body and lining the hollow tubes within the body.
Term
Euphoria
Definition
Exaggerated feeling of well-being; elevated mood (being high)
Term
Euthyroid
Definition
Normal or good thyroid function
Term
Exophthalmos
Definition
Protrusion of the eyeball; sign of hyperthyroidism 
Term
Hemiglossectomy
Definition
Removal (or resection) of half the tongue
Term
Hyperglycemia
Definition
High levels of sugar in the bloodstream; associated with diabetes mellitus.
Term
Hyperplasia
Definition
Condition of increased formation of cells.
Term
Hypertension
Definition
High Blood Pressure
Term
Hypertrophy
Definition
Increase in size of tissue or an organ due to increase in size of individual cells.
Term
Hypodermic injection
Definition
Injection of medication under the skin
Term
Hypoglycemia
Definition
Low/deficient levels of sugar in the blood
Term
Infracostal
Definition
Pertaining to below the ribs.
Term
Insomniac
Definition
Pertaining to without sleep; A person who cannot sleep.
Term
Intercostal
Definition
Pertaining to between the ribs.
Term
Intravenous
Definition
Pertaining to within a vein
Term
Jaundice
Definition
Yellow skin pigmentation caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood. One of the clinical signs of Hemolytic Disease of Newborns (HDN)
Term
Macrocephaly
Definition
Condition of a larger than normal head; congenital anomaly.
Term
Malaise
Definition
General feeling of bodily discomfort.
Term
Malignant
Definition
Cancerous; harmful.
Term
Marfan Syndrome
Definition
An inherited connective tissue disorder marked by a tall, thin body type with long "Spidery" fingers, elongated head, and heart, blood vessel, and ophthalmic abnormalities 
Term
Metacarpal Bones
Definition
Hand bones; literally beyond the wrist.
Term
Metamorphosis
Definition
Condition of change in shape or form.
Term
Metastasis
Definition
Spread of a malignant tumor beyond its original location to a distant site.
Term
Microcephaly
Definition
Condition of a smaller than normal head; a congenital anomaly.
Term
Microscope
Definition
Instrument to view small objects.
Term
Neonatal
Definition
Pertaining to a new birth.
Term
Neoplasm
Definition
New growth.
Term
Pancytopenia
Definition
Deficiency of all (blood) cells
Term
Paralysis
Definition
Destruction of nerve tissue leading to loss of sensation or motion in a part of the body.
Term
Parathyroid Glands
Definition
Four endocrine glands on the posterior (dorsal) side of the thyroid gland; secrete parathormone.
Term
Percutaneous
Definition
Pertaining to through the skin
Term
Pericardium
Definition
Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.
Term
Polymorphonuclear
Definition
Pertaining to a muti-lobed nucleus (in granulocytic white blood cells).
Term
Polyneuritis
Definition
Inflammation of many nerves.
Term
Postmortem
Definition
After death
Term
Postpartum
Definition
After birth
Term
Precancerous
Definition
Pertaining to occurring before a malignant condition.
Term
Prenatal
Definition
Pertaining to before birth.
Term
Prodrome
Definition
Sign or symptom that appears before the onset of a more serious illness. An example is a fever that signals the onset of a viral illness.
Term
Prolapse
Definition
Sliding forward or downward.
Term
Prosthesis
Definition
Artificial substitute for a missing body part.
Term
Pubic Symphysis
Definition
a unique joint consisting of a fibro-cartilaginous disc sandwiched between the articular surfaces of the pubic bones
Term
Recombinant DNA Technology
Definition
The process of taking a gene from one organism and inserting it into the DNA of another organism
Term
Relapse
Definition
Sliding or falling back; as in return of illness after apparent recovery.
Term
Remission
Definition
Return to good health; signs and symptoms of disease are gone.
Term
Retroflexion
Definition
Bending backwards
Term
Retroperitoneal
Definition
Pertaining to behind the membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity
Term
Reye Syndrome
Definition
Characterized by vomiting, swelling of the brain, increased intracranial pressure, hypoglycemia, and dysfunction of the liver
Term
Subcutaneous
Definition
Pertaining to under the skin.
Term
Suprapubic
Definition
Pertaining to above the pubic bones.
Term
Symbiosis
Definition
Close interaction between two organisms living in close association.
Term
Symmetry
Definition
Measurement together; similarity of parts as in mirror images of each other.
Term
Symphysis
Definition
Bones that grow together separated by a piece of fibrocartilage. The pelvis is an example of bones that grow together
Term
Symptom
Definition
Subjective in a condition as perceived by the patient. 
Term
Syndactyly
Definition
Fusion of fingers or toes; a congenital anomaly.
Term
Syndrome
Definition
A group of signs or symptoms that appear together to produce a typical clinical picture of a disease or inherited abnormality
Term
Synthesis
Definition
Putting together of simple substances to create something new and often more complex.
Term
Tachypnea
Definition
Abnormally rapid breathing.
Term
Transfusion
Definition
Transfer of blood from one person to another.
Term
Transurethral
Definition
Pertaining to across or through the urethra.
Term
Ultrasonography
Definition
Use of high frequency sound waves to produce a record or picture of an organ or tissue.
Term
Unilateral
Definition
Pertaining to one side.
Term
Vaccine
Definition
Dead or weakened antigens that stimulate white blood cells to make antibodies
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