Term
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Definition
| alka seltzer. TX for GERD. SE: muscle weakness, fatigue, diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
| H2 blocker, reversible competitive histamine receptor antagonist. Inhibits basal, food and noctural acid secretions. Undergoes 1st pass, inhibits p450. SE: impotence, gynecomastia, galactorrhea. OTHER: ranitidine, famotidine (most potent), nizatidine (no 1st pass) |
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Term
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Definition
| most effective in reducing HCL secretion. PPI. Prodrug. Take on empty stomach. Irreversibly binds to H/K ATPase. SE: headache, rash, increase LFT, carcinoid, hyperplasia, decreased calcium absorption. Can lead to bacteria overgrowth and decrease vit B12 and Iron absorption. |
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Term
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Definition
| PGE analong for pt using NSAIDS. Also used to induce abortion. Contraindicated in pregnancy (obviously) |
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Term
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Definition
| for dyspepsia and acute diarrhea. binds to glycoproteins and coats GI tract to protect from pepsin. Bactericidal effects also SE: may stain teeth, black stools. OD can lead to bismuth toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
| iv. Mixes with the acid to form negatively charged “gunk” to fill and protect the ulcer from pepsin and bile. Aluminum sucrose salt. SE: not absorbed systemically. Don't use on pts with renal failure/on dialysis. Can not be used with H2 blockers, antacids or PPIs |
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Term
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Definition
| triple therapy, 2 weeks. bismuth subsalicylate, metronidazole, tetracycline or amoxicillin |
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Term
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Definition
| a dopamine antagonist, increases Ach which increase motility. Also an entiemetic - blocks dopamine in chemoreceptor trigger zone. SE: tremors, movement disorders, prolactin, galactorrea, menstrual irregularities. |
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Term
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Definition
| muscarinic drug - works on GI and urinary tract. Used after abdominal surgeries to stimulate increased motility. |
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Term
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Definition
| fiber, for chronic diarrhea, absorbs excess water. Also used as a bulk forming laxative |
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Term
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Definition
| used for acute diarrhea, 10x greater effect on GI than CNS. Has least abuse potential SE constipation. DO NOT use on patients with ulcerative colitis r toxic megacolon |
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Term
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Definition
| antimotility, active metabolite of diphenoxylate.. Atropine added to discourage abuse potential. |
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Term
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Definition
| antimotility, taken OTC, does not cross BBB |
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Term
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Definition
| bulk forming laxative used before surgery to flush out intestinal tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| osmotic laxatives. Mg is poorly adsorbed - flushes things out. |
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Term
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Definition
| osmotic laxative - draws H2O into the tract and prevents adsorption |
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Term
| Docusate sodium, docusate calcium |
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Definition
| lubricating agents, soften fecal mass. allows water to penetrate stool (holler!) |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulant cathartic, irritates GI nerve ending to stimulate peristalsis, increase secretion and decrease water adsorption. |
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Term
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Definition
| serotonin 3 receptor antagonist. Decreases ACH. Only works in women. IBS drug SE: Severe, life threatening constipation |
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Term
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Definition
| crohns treatment. use if antimicrobials and corticosteroids dont work. Its a monoclonal IgG antibody and inactivates TNFalpha. Very $$$. SE: n, HA, URI |
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Term
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Definition
| uc and crohns tx. drug broken down by bacteria in the colon. 5-ASA is the compound of interest. Antiinflammatory. SE: allergy to sulfa(contraindicated), rash, hemolytic anemia, decreased folic acid absorption |
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Term
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Definition
| tx crohns and uc. colonic bacteria break azo bond to release 2 5-ASA molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| tx for crohns. releases drug at pH 7near terminal ileum SE rash, fever, flu like symptoms |
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Term
| Giardia symptoms dx and tx |
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Definition
| foul smelling and frothy stool, weight loss, failure to thrive, steatorrhea. DX wet mount for o and p, elisa. TX metronidazole |
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Term
| cryptosporidiosis symptoms, dx and tx |
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Definition
| nationally notifiable and AIDS defining, from contaminated water. Symptoms - secretory or malabsorptive diarrhea, ab cramps, AIDS enteropathy. DX modified acid fast stain. TX supportive through rehydration. HAART in AIDS pts |
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Term
| cyclosporiasis symptoms, dx and tx |
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Definition
| symptoms recurrent explosive diarrhea, fatigue and weightloss. DX modified acid-fast stain of stool specimen. TX hydration, co-trimoxazole (Bactrim, Septra, Cotrim). |
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Term
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Definition
| symptoms - diarrhea, keroconjunctivitis, disseminated infection. DX Microscopic stool examination by modified trichrome or fluorescent stain. tx albendazole |
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Term
| Isosporiasis ,( Isosporia belli ) |
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Definition
AIDS indicator symptoms - profuse watery diarrhea, low grade fever. DX wet stool smears for oocysts, which appear pale and transparent and can be easily
overlooked, acid-fast stain of stool specimen. Low-grade peripheral eosinophilia and
Charcot-Leyden crystals. TX TMP-SMX |
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Term
| Amoebiasis (Dysentery) ( Entamoeba histolytica) |
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Definition
anchovy paste, can have liver abscesses, systemic involvement. Dx – is by serology, colonoscopy (granular, friable, ulcerated mucosa), biopsy (from
edge of ulcer) or scraping from base of colon ulcers. Rx -includes metronidazole. Corticosteroids are contraindicated as they may cause toxic
megacolon. |
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Term
| Enterobiasis (“pinworm, threadworm”) Enterobius vermicularis |
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Definition
most common worm infection in US. symptoms pruritus ani or perianal pruritus is the cardinal symptom. Dx - modified clear scotch tape preparation, peri-anal swabs or sterile pinworm
collectors (pinworm paddle) Rx –is by use of mebendazole (Vermox), albendazole, pyrantel pamoate (Antiminth),
ivermectin and piperazine |
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Term
| Anisakiasis (“sushi-worm”- food-borne zoonosis) |
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Definition
| dx endoscopy rx remove the worm, |
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Term
| Trichinosis (Trichinellosis) |
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Definition
consistent and persistent fever, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, fatigue
and abdominal discomfort and non-specific gastroenteritis followed by myositis,
periorbital edema and eosinophilia. Dx - ELISA, striated muscle biopsy. Rx – is mebendazole (Vermox), thiabendazole (Mintezol), or albendazole and
corticosteroids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Clinical Presentation - triad of diarrhea, abdominal pain and urticaria. Also palpable pruirtic rash. Dx - stool exam for larva. Rx – is thiabendazole (Mintezol) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| for constipated pt 0 IBS 5ht4 receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| also use IBS constipation |
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Term
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Definition
| new for diarrhea and bloatedness |
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