Term
** Key words **
Acid Fast
Slow Growing (>7 weeks)
LJ medium
Mycolic acids in cell wall |
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Definition
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Term
** Key words **
Slow growing (>7 weeks)
LJ medium
Non-pigmented colonies
Human-ONLY reservoir |
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Definition
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Term
** Key words **
Acid fast bacteria
No growth on plates
Armadillos in Texas and LA |
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Definition
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Term
| Host responses against mycobacteria |
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Definition
DTH (Type IV)destroys non-activated MACs
CMI destroys intracellular bacteria |
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Term
** Key words **
Leading killer of HIV infected
Organized granuloma formation in lung
Ghon focus / complex |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacteria & virusses spread through respiratory aerosols |
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Definition
M. tuberculosis
M. leprae; |
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Term
| M. tuberculosis virulence factors |
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Definition
Prevents phago-lysosomal fusion
Disease primarity from host response |
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Term
| Most important 2 cytokines involved in fighting mycobacterial infections |
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Definition
IFNy (from NK & TH1 cell)
TNFa (from MACs) |
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Term
| 2 main treatment & prophalictic drugs for M. tuberculosis & M. kansasii |
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Definition
| Isoniazid (INH) & rifampin |
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|
Term
** Key words **
Acid fast
Hypopigmented skin
Strong CMI response and large numbers of lymphocytes & granulomas with few bacteria present
Reactive to lepromin |
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Definition
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|
Term
** Key words **
Acid fast
Disfiguring skin lesions
Strong Ab response to large numbers of bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 main treatments fo M. leprae |
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Definition
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Term
** Key word **
Reactivity to LEPROMIN |
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Definition
| Main way of identifying TUBERCULOID LEPROSY |
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|
Term
** Key words **
Acid fast
Found in soil and water
Immunocompromised
Leading killer of AIDS pts in the USA
Resistant to anti-TB drugs |
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Definition
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|
Term
** Key words **
Acid fast
Slow growing
Illinios, Oklahoma & Texas
Resemble TB |
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Definition
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|
Term
** Key words **
Weakly acid fast bacilli
Found in soil
Transplant pts (Immunocompromised)
'Beaded appearance' upon staining |
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Definition
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|
Term
** Key words **
Weakly acid fast
Pulmonary symptoms
Confluent broncopneumonia
Dissemination to the brain |
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Definition
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|
Term
** Key words **
Weakly acid fast
Cutaneous involvement
Localized pustules & abscess formation |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Main treatment for nocardia |
|
Definition
| TMP-SMX (sulfa drugs) & braod-spectrum cephalosporins |
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|
Term
** Key words **
'Molar tooth' colonies on blood agar
NOT acid fast
Branching at acute angles
Sulfur granules in suppurative abscesses |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Main treatment for Actinomyces |
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Definition
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|
Term
** Key words **
Hard ticks
Rash that starts on extremities and spreads inwards to cover the whole body
South Central and Southeast USA
Actin tails |
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Definition
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|
Term
* Key words **
Mites
Pox-like rash
Systemic symptoms |
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Definition
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|
Term
** Key words **
Flying squirrel
Body louse
SE USA
Rash starts on body and spreads OUT
NO actin tails |
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Definition
| R. prowazekii (Epidemic typhus) |
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|
Term
| R. prowazekii virulence factors |
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Definition
| Continued growth until cell rupture |
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|
Term
| Treatment for R. prowazekii |
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Definition
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|
Term
** Key words **
Cat flea
Gulf states |
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Definition
| R. typhi (Endemic typhus) |
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|
Term
** Key words **
Rodent Mites
Southeast Asia
Rash |
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Definition
| Orientia tsutsugamushi (Scrub typhus) |
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|
Term
** Key words **
Large membrane-enclosed masses - Morulae
No peptidoglycan
No LPS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
** Key words **
Lone star tick
Morulae
White-tailed deer / dogs
Fort Chaffee, Arkansas
Mid-western to SE USA |
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Definition
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|
Term
** Key words **
April - October
Ticks (Ixodes)
Midwestern & central Atlantic states |
|
Definition
| A. phagocytophilium (Human anaplasmosis) |
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|
Term
** Key words **
Grow in acidified vacuole (phagolysosomal fusion REQUIRED)
Animal hides
Ticks |
|
Definition
| Coxiella burnetti (Q-fever) |
|
|
Term
** Key words **
Animal hides
Severe symptoms of atypical pneumonia |
|
Definition
| Acute Q-fever (C. burnetti) |
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|
Term
** Key words **
Animal hides
Prosthetic heart valve & endocarditis |
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Definition
| Chronic C. burnetti infection |
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|
Term
| Treatment for C. burnetti acute & chronic |
|
Definition
Acute: Doxycycline
Chronic: Doxycycline, Rifampin & Fluoroquinilone |
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|
Term
** Key words **
Sand flies
South America
Invading RBCs |
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Definition
|
|
Term
** Key words **
Body louse
Trench fever
IV drug use
Pain in long bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
** Key words **
Resembles Kaposi sarcoma
Cat scratch disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(DARE to do the Bartman)
Doxycycline, Azithromycin, Rifampin & Erythomycin |
|
|
Term
** Key words **
Children
Scarring cornea
Inflammation of conjunctiva
Vision loss |
|
Definition
| Chlamydia trachomatis A/B/C (Disease: Trachoma) |
|
|
Term
** Key words **
STD
Most common in USA
Polyarthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis (Reiter's Syndrome: Can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree)
Infant with pneumonia shortly after birth |
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Definition
| Chlamydia trachomatis D-K (Disease: Chlamydia, Reiter's Syndrome & Infant pneumonia) |
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|
Term
** Key words **
Males
Africa, Asia, South America
Small, painless lesions on genitals
Genital elephantitis |
|
Definition
| Chlamydia trachomatis L-serotypes (Disease: Lymphogranuloma verereum) |
|
|
Term
** Key words **
Taiwan
REsemble atypical pneumonia
No growth on C. trachomatis host cell lines |
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Definition
|
|
Term
** Key words **
Parrots
Respiratory tract infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
** Key words **
Parrots
Respiratory tract infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
** Key words **
Exclusive human host
Visible pustules all over body
Single serotype |
|
Definition
| Poxvirus (Molloscum contagiosum) Smallpox) |
|
|
Term
**Key words **
Erythema infectiosum
Slapped-cheek appearance (children)
Aplastic sickle-cell crisis
Arthralgia & joint pain (adults) |
|
Definition
| Parvovirus (B19; Erythrovirus) |
|
|
Term
| Describe the two phases of the B19 parvovirus |
|
Definition
Lytic, infection phase: 2weeks; Febrile, flulike
Noninfectious immunologic phase: Rash & arthralgia |
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|
Term
| What is the ONLY DNA virus to replicate in the cytosol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
** Key words **
Infected brain tissues
Neither DNA nor RNA
30-40 year incubation
Amyloid plaques & spongiform degeneration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
** Key words **
Neural loss
Ataxia, dementia, behavioural disturbances |
|
Definition
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (prion) |
|
|
Term
** Key words **
Neural loss
Cerebellar disorder
Declining cognitive ability |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
** Key words **
Neural loss
Abnormal sleep patterns |
|
Definition
| Fatal Familial Insomnia (prion) |
|
|
Term
** Key words **
Neural loss
New guinea (Fore tribe) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the only organ with evidence of prion infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does prions cause disease? |
|
Definition
| Normal cell prions are mutated throgh interaction with an abnormal prion. This causes the host cell to make more prions which get mutated. Over years they accumulate and form plaques that messes up the neurons. |
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|
Term
** Key words **
Cowdry Type A bodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What keeps a HSV infection in check inside a neuron? How? What overrides this mechanism? |
|
Definition
| LAT - it inhibits the alpha-proteins from being made, and thru that also the beta-protein. Stress can override it, inhibiting LAT, which frees the HSV to replicate and cause infection. |
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|
Term
| Where does the latent infection of HSV-1 and HSV-2occur? |
|
Definition
HSV-1: In the trigeminal ganglion cells
HSV-2: Dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord |
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|
Term
| What are the 3 types of HSV-1 re-infections? |
|
Definition
Epithelial keratitis
Stromal keratitis
Herpes labialis |
|
|
Term
| Herpes infection in the skin, recurrent outbreaks in the same spot is called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
** Key words **
Alpha-beta interferon defect
Encephalitis |
|
Definition
| HSV (not being kept in latent stage in ganglion - infects the brain) |
|
|
Term
| Sequela of VZV that involves chronic pain , often to the eye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Herpes virus that lies dormant in monocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which host cell is transformed in an EBV infection? |
|
Definition
| B-cells proliferate and grow uncontrollably |
|
|
Term
| What are the roles of EBNA-1 and LMP-2a? |
|
Definition
EBNDA-1 ensures that replicating B-cells each get a copy of the EBV that infects it
LMP-2a acts as a growth receptor, ensuring the uncontrollable growth of the B-cell |
|
|
Term
** Key words **
Monospot test
Uncontrollable B-cell growth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
** Key words **
Roseola exemanthom on the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the roles of EBNA-1 and LMP-2a? |
|
Definition
EBNDA-1 ensures that replicating B-cells each get a copy of the EBV that infects it
LMP-2a acts as a growth receptor, ensuring the uncontrollable growth of the B-cell |
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