Term
| What are the seven sacraments? |
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Definition
1. Baptism
2. Confession/penance
3. communion/holy Eucharist
4. Confirmation
5. Matrimony
6. Holy orders (becoming a priest)
7. Extreme unction/last rites |
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Term
| When was the black death? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain what effect the black plague had on skin. |
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Definition
| Cell Necrosis-skin cells died, so skin turns black, when the body is still alive |
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Term
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Definition
people who used mortification of the flesh (whipped themselves) to save themselves and went from village to village, performing rituals in each village.
They blamed the plague on the Jews |
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Term
| What medical actions were taken during the plague? |
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Definition
Blood letting was used, worsening the plague and spreading it to the doctors. They wore a lot of equipment to protect themselves.
They also believed that the disease was due to 'miasma'(bad smells), so they cleaned up a bit and used perfumes to prevent it from spreading. |
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Term
| What were the death tolls from the black plague? |
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Definition
| 25 to 60 million people died, roughly 1/3 of Europe's population. |
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Term
| Where did the plague come from? |
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Definition
-originated in the north-west shores of the Caspian Sea, in the land of the Mongol Golden Horde
-spread to Europe when the Mongols attacked an Italian trading post at Kaffa. Since it was a port town it was spread on the ships, with the people and rats. |
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Term
| What are variations of the black death? |
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Definition
-Pneumonic plague-infection spreads to lungs causing the coughing up of blood, infecting others.
-Septicaemic version: infection overwhelmed the blood. This version was nearly always fatal. |
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Term
| How did Pope Clement III survive the plague? |
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Definition
| Spent the summer in scorching heat with lots of herbs and he was isolated from everyone. |
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Term
| What were the main causes of the 100 years' war? |
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Definition
1.Controversy over succession-Philip of Valois and King Edward III of England both claimed to be the king of France.
2. French Land belonging to British kings-issue of the status of lands in France belonging to English kings
3. Conflict over Flanders-people of Flanders allied with England because they wanted independence from France
4. Struggle for national identity-France wasn't a united country before the war, French king controlled about half the country |
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Term
| What were some advantages to the French in the hundred years' war? |
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Definition
-Population of about 16 million
-Richer and more populous than England |
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Term
| What were some advantages to the British in the hundred years' war? |
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Definition
-In almost every battle they were outnumbered, but they were better in many ways
-weapon technology
-strategies: avoid pitched battles; quick profitable raids
-in the first battles of the war the English seemed unstoppable.
-English defensive position was the use of the longbow (with more penetrating power than a bolt from a crossbow) |
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Term
| What was the French confusion in the Hundred Years' war about? |
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Definition
English captured the French king, John II.
so france was ruled by estates general- a council of townspeople and nobles, created in 1355, to secure funds for war |
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Term
| What was the Jacquerie? (1358) |
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Definition
| A peasant revolt, in confusion and unrest following disaster at Poitiers, it began. It was a response to longstanding economical and political grievances in the countryside worsened by warfare. |
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Term
| What was the trouble in England during the Hundred Years' war about? |
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Definition
-peasant revolt in 1381 was put down by King Richard II
-after charges of tyranny, Richard II was forced to abdicate in 1300.
-parliament elected Henry IV (first ruler from House of Lancaster). he avoided war taxes, didn't alienate nobility
-truce was signed ending French and British hostilities for time being. |
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Term
| What was the Treaty of Troyes (1420) about? |
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Definition
-Charles VI's son declared illegitimate and disenherited
-Henry V married Catherine, daughter of Charles VI
-English victory seemed assured but both charles VI and Henry V died in 1422, leaving Henry's infant son, Henry VI to get both thrones. |
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Term
| What was the significance of Joan of Arc in the 100 years' war? |
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Definition
-she was the daughter of prosperous peasants
-reported visions of divine revelation saying to go to the king and assist him in driving out the English
-dressed like a man and was Charles' best military leader.
-1429: with aid of Joan of Arc, Charles VII (french king) was able to raise English siege of Orleans, beginning the French reconquest. |
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