Term
| From 200 BC to 476 AD, the civilized areas of Europe and the Near East were ruled by? |
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Definition
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Term
| At it's peak, the Roman Empire stretched _____ to include _______, _________, _______, ______, & _________. |
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Definition
1. East
2. Greece
3. Turkey
4. Syria
5. Mesopotamia
6. Persia
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Term
| T/F. The Roman Empire went to parts of Africa. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did the Roman Empire fall? (6 general reasons) |
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Definition
1.internal political corruption
2.economic/social difficulties from a large territory
3.high cost of warfare to maintain empire
4.slavery problems (labor surplus)
5.overindulgence from citizens
6.reduced production causing welfare expenses |
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Term
| _________ tribes invaded the Empire from the North and East. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. The fall of Rome happened instantaneously within a year. |
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Definition
| False, it happened gradually over many years |
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Term
| The chief of the Germanic tribe named ________ conquered the city in what year? |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______ Roman Empire fell, but the ______ Roman Empire lived on. |
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Definition
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Term
| Who divided the Roman Empire into two parts? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which emperor made a capital city on Byzantium? What was the city called, & what passage did it control? (2 seas) |
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Definition
1.Constantine
2.Constantinople
3.Black Sea & Mediterranean |
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Term
| Who was the last emperor to rule both Western and Eastern Rome? |
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Definition
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Term
Which is more diverse? Western or Eastern Rome?
Language of Western? Language of Eastern? |
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Definition
1. Byzantine (eastern) was more diverse.
2. Latin
3. Greek |
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Term
| Byzantine Empire received influences from which 3 cultures? |
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Definition
| Hellenistic, Semitic, & Persian. |
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Term
| The Byzantine Empire was conquered in _ _ _ _ by the? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. Barbarians were Roman. |
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Definition
| False, they were anyone that was not Roman since the whole European world was basically Roman. |
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Term
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Definition
| A time of no unity when the Germanic tribes moved across the lands. Very unorganized time period. |
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Term
Which two tribes during the dark age established their culture in Great Britain?
Which tribe dominated northern/western Europe? |
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Definition
1. Angles and the Saxons
2.Franks |
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Term
| The word vandalism originated from the ______ because? |
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Definition
1.Vandals
2.Because of their destructive behavior |
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Term
| Who was King of the Franks? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pope _____________ III crowned Charlemagne as? |
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Definition
1.Leo
2.Emperor of the Romans |
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Term
| The Frankish Kingdom became known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who dissolved the Holy Roman Empire in 1806? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was Charlemagne famous for? (besides being king of Franks and Emperor of the Romans) |
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Definition
| First attempt to restore the traditions of the fallen Roman Empire |
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Term
| Who got Charlemagnes empire right after he died? |
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Definition
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Term
Louis I (son of Charlemagne) divided up the empire among his?
What were the 3 countries that were split up? |
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Definition
1. 3 sons
2. France, Germany, Northern Italy |
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Term
| How did Charlemagne's Empire fall? |
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Definition
| Invasions from Moslems, Slavs, Magyars & Vikings due to poor ruling of Charlemagne's grandsons (Louis I sons) |
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Term
| Under Feudalism, who was stronger (had more control over things independently)? A king or a lord? |
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Definition
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Term
| Under Feudalism, the ______ owned the land which he granted to the _____ who in return would give _____. |
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Definition
1. king
2. lord
3. service (military aid) |
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Term
| Under Feudalism, the receiver of the land became a ____, and the land grants were known as ______. |
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Definition
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Term
If a grant of land was too huge for the king to control, what would he do?
What is the lowest level of nobility? |
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Definition
1. He would divide the land up between lower lords who would give service.
2. A knight |
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Term
| Who was bound to the land and produced labor and farming on an estate under Feudalism? |
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Definition
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Term
| A small class of free men during Feudalism gave rise to the _______ class. |
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Definition
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Term
| During the Middle Ages, what was constant between lords who fought for power, land, or wealth? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why were the serfs hit hard by the constant warfare? |
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Definition
| the battles took place on their homes and fields which ruined their produce and way of life |
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Term
| Where did the serfs live and work? |
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Definition
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Term
| What three reasons support the facts that feudal manors were "self sufficient"? (hard question) |
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Definition
1. medieval warfare
2. difficulites of travel
3. lack of trade |
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Term
| What led to the decline in travel and trade after the fall of Rome? |
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Definition
| Government stopped patrolling trade passages, passages became to difficult for travelers, so travelers couldn't come to trade their goods without protection. |
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Term
| T/F. Manors required little trade. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why were the early Middle Ages designated as the Dark Ages? |
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Definition
| There was a lack of interest in education, so learning declined. |
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Term
| T/F. In the Middle Ages, the government supported education and learning. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was contact with the scholars of the ancient world lost in the early Middle Ages? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the only center of knowledge during the Middle Ages? |
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Definition
| The Roman Catholic Church |
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Term
| Where did true scholarship originate from? (more specific than Roman Catholic Church) |
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Definition
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Term
| What did St. Thomas Aquinas come up with? (dominant philosophy at the time) |
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Definition
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Term
| Under scholasticism, if science and religion clashed, which would be the right choice to believe was right? Why? |
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Definition
| Religion because people believed it was without error |
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Term
| What was the most common theme of art, architecture, literature, and music during the dark ages? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was the church so appealing to people in the dark ages? |
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Definition
| peaseants endured life since they were expecting a reward in the afterlife, so they always looked to religion for a reward after life was over. |
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Term
| What dominated the lifestyle of the feudal era? |
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Definition
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Term
| During religious peak, who had more power? Pope or King? |
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Definition
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Term
| The dream of a new Roman Empire in the image of the Church was called? Whose idea was this? |
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Definition
Christendom
Pope Gregory VII |
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Term
| The Church reached the height of its power under Pope ______ |
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Definition
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Term
Switch each with an official from the Roman Catholic Church:
1.Emperor
2.Bishoprics
3.Ministered each local community |
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Definition
1. Pope
2. Bishop
3. Priest |
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Term
Important Bishops become?
These become?
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Definition
1. Archbishops
2. Cardinals |
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Term
What's the job of the Cardinals?
What was the Church's law called? |
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Definition
1. Elect a Pope
2. Canon Law |
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Term
| Church doctrine held that one could only get to heaven by doing good works and observing the______ ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the process of being cut off from the Church when one of the sacraments are broken? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the process of excommunicating a whole geographical area? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was one of the major causes of the loss of prestige for the Church at the end of the Middle Ages? |
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Definition
| so organized that access to great wealth happened which caused corruption. |
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Term
| The social structure during the Middle Ages was divided into three _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the First Estate composed of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was in the second estate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What made up the third Estate? Why did the Third Estate eventually become more powerful than the Second Estate? |
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Definition
Peasants
Since they became richer than the the nobles with the estates which made barely any money. |
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Term
| The system of ________ decentralized the power of the state and made a weak national government. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did Feudalism make it difficult for there to be a strong central power like a king? |
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Definition
| The soldiers relied more on the feudal lords instead since they were the real power in the provinces. This weakened the Kings power. |
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Term
| T/F. The Church favored the system of weak national monarchies. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why couldn't society make any advances during the Dark Ages? |
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Definition
| New ideas could not be widely introduced due to lack of education, learning, travel, and trade. |
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Term
| What brought Europe out of the Dark Ages during the Middle Ages? |
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Definition
| Religious wars called the Crusades |
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Term
| Who was the Pope that started the Crusdades? What did he promise those who took part in the war? |
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Definition
1. Pope Urban II
2. Salvation |
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Term
| The Crusades was a war against the? |
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Definition
| Muslims, drive them out of the Holy Land of Palestine |
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Term
| T/F. The Crusades damaged the economic, social, and political advances in Europe. |
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Definition
| False, they caused tremedous advances/change to Europe. |
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Term
| What happened during the Crusades that caused Europe to expand its trade? |
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Definition
| Soldiers brought back spices and textiles from the East, and Europe became accustomed to them. |
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Term
| Since there was increasing trade, what new class was created? |
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Definition
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Term
| What became the gateway to Europe in the late Middle Ages? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cities in Italy became great port cities? (3) |
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Definition
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Term
| What made land ownership less important? What did this mean? |
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Definition
1.expanding use of money
2.that Feudalism was starting to fall |
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Term
| What is the system that traders and merchants developed to maintain control over their profession? |
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Definition
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Term
| If one is practicing under a Master Craftsmen for no money, what are they called most likely? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two things a Journeyman could do that an Apprentice couldn't do? |
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Definition
1. Work for numerous master craftsmen
2.Get paid while working |
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Term
| A Master Craftsmen had the right to do what? |
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Definition
| open up their own shop/business |
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Term
| T/F. Guilds could control wages and prices, monopolize trade, set quality standard, and limit the number of people in a business under the guild system. |
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Definition
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Term
What is the name given to the new class of town dwellers formed by the merchants and craftsmen?
These people formed the basis of the growing _____ _____. |
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Definition
1.Bourgeoisie
2.Middle Class |
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Term
| What happened to the landowners during the Crusades? |
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Definition
| They were killed off which caused more land ownership to fewer people. |
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Term
Why did cities and towns attach their development to the kings rather than the lords?
How did this benefit the King? |
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Definition
They wanted protection from unfair lords.
This benefited the Kings since they had to pay him to get his protection through taxes and money gained through trade. |
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Term
| What two things did Merchants want from Kings? |
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Definition
1.Protection during their travels
2.Uniform laws, tariffs, weights, measures etc |
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Term
| Since the King was back up to power, they had the interest to come up with the first _____ ____ and ocean going _____ armed with cannons to protect ________. |
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Definition
1. Fire Arms
2. Navies
3. Commerce |
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Term
| During the Middle Ages, the _____ was the source of inspiration. During the Renaissance, there was an interest of learning about man and the ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the age also known as the rebirth of human spirit? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the philosophy that dominated the period of the Renaisance and is centered on humans and emphasized in human reason? |
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Definition
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Term
T/F. Most of the changes in the new age of Europe happened quickly.
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Definition
| False, it happened over centuries. |
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Term
| T/F. The old ways of the Middle Ages would constantly be arguing/fighting against the new ways found in the Renaissance. |
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Definition
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