Medieval Longhouse, Bremerhaven, Germany

• used earth, wood, thatch
• most simple type of housing
• combined house and barn, peasant house
• rectangular plan
• two doorways across from each other, increased ventilation
• body heat of animals warmed house
• no chimney, but smoke filters out through thatch and gabel ends
• common in rural areas

Medieval Manor House

• wealthier than peasant, no animals inside
• located in towns, more compact
• wood, thatch roofs, combustable, fire spread easily, so built with hef timber which burns slower
• buttery for cold food and pantry for dried, sectioned off parts of house
• solar- private space, upstairs with private stairs
• hall- entertaining area

Medieval House, Cluny, 12th Century

• shop and kitchen on ground level, seperated by courtyard, kitchen contained to prevent fire
• house on upper level
• in city, made of brick/stone

Tower Houses,S. Gimignano, 13th-14th centuries

• like medival houses
• in Italy, their take on the house
• towers added to dry long lengths of fabric in the dark

Motte-and-Bailey Castle, Castle Acre, Norfolk, 12th Century

• castles were homes of nobility, constructed with defense in mind, administrative centers, the earliest were wooden
• mound and yard
• built on mound for visibility, ditch dug around base
• bailey for more temporary members, servants and workers
• town accompanying

Tower of London, London, 1078-80

• after the Norman invasion castle construction increased
• built by Will the Conquerer
• white tower
• 3 story, masonry
• basically rectangular
• semicircular extrusion, reflects aspe of chapel on the 3rd floor
• idea of fortification, wall, tower, and double boundary

Caernarvon Castle, Wales, 1283-1327

• the crusadeshelped influence the design, under attack and in need of impenatrable walls
• inspired by Constantanople
• King Edward 1 had built to ubdue Wales, 1 0f 10 castles, built by master James of St. George
• double wall
• fortification of town
• built on mound
• main entry "King's Gate" - entry to town fortified
• moat - another barrier
• Edward 1's son born here, Prince of Wales

Carcassonne, Southern France, 800-1300

• cities rely on fortification
• solid walls w/ gate, made easier to tax merchants
• best built forts had towers as a platform to defend
• Louis IX gained control in 1248, the 1st stage of winning S. France
• old city w/ double walls and a path that leads to Bastide (new town)

Bastide Towns, Southern France, 1220-1375

(Revel, Mirande, Villefranche-de-Rouergue, Monpazier)

• Bastides' encouraged trade w/o overpowering the old town
• grid plan, church not as center, instead marketplace in center
• Bastides were new trends with economic motive, planned market squares
• arcade spaces surrounding market square
• plain, charming architecture
• Monpazier is best known Bastide
• King of England and King of France both had claims in France and were both building Bastides

Krakow, Poland, 1257

• historic capital of Poland
• German influence
• trade main goal
• founder of town gets sales tax
• older castle first established, area to North was built around the 600ft market square
• 2 churches
• cloth hall- main export

Siena, Italy, 1298