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Medieval Longhouse, Bremerhaven, Germany
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used earth, wood, thatch
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most simple type of housing
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combined house and barn, peasant house
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rectangular plan
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two doorways across from each other, increased ventilation
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body heat of animals warmed house
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no chimney, but smoke filters out through thatch and gabel ends
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common in rural areas
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Medieval Manor House
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wealthier than peasant, no animals inside
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located in towns, more compact
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wood, thatch roofs, combustable, fire spread easily, so built with hef timber which burns slower
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buttery for cold food and pantry for dried, sectioned off parts of house
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solar- private space, upstairs with private stairs
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hall- entertaining area
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Medieval House, Cluny, 12th Century
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shop and kitchen on ground level, seperated by courtyard, kitchen contained to prevent fire
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house on upper level
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in city, made of brick/stone
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Tower Houses,S. Gimignano, 13th-14th centuries
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Motte-and-Bailey Castle, Castle Acre, Norfolk, 12th Century
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castles were homes of nobility, constructed with defense in mind, administrative centers, the earliest were wooden
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mound and yard
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bailey for more temporary members, servants and workers
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town accompanying
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Tower of London, London, 1078-80
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after the Norman invasion castle construction increased
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built by Will the Conquerer
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white tower
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3 story, masonry
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basically rectangular
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semicircular extrusion, reflects aspe of chapel on the 3rd floor
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idea of fortification, wall, tower, and double boundary
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Caernarvon Castle, Wales, 1283-1327
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the crusadeshelped influence the design, under attack and in need of impenatrable walls
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inspired by Constantanople
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King Edward 1 had built to ubdue Wales, 1 0f 10 castles, built by master James of St. George
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double wall
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fortification of town
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built on mound
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main entry "King's Gate" - entry to town fortified
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moat - another barrier
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Edward 1's son born here, Prince of Wales
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Carcassonne, Southern France, 800-1300
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cities rely on fortification
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solid walls w/ gate, made easier to tax merchants
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best built forts had towers as a platform to defend
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Louis IX gained control in 1248, the 1st stage of winning S. France
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old city w/ double walls and a path that leads to Bastide (new town)
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Bastide Towns, Southern France, 1220-1375
(Revel, Mirande, Villefranche-de-Rouergue, Monpazier)
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Bastides' encouraged trade w/o overpowering the old town
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grid plan, church not as center, instead marketplace in center
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Bastides were new trends with economic motive, planned market squares
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arcade spaces surrounding market square
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plain, charming architecture
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Monpazier is best known Bastide
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King of England and King of France both had claims in France and were both building Bastides
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Krakow, Poland, 1257
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historic capital of Poland
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German influence
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trade main goal
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founder of town gets sales tax
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older castle first established, area to North was built around the 600ft market square
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2 churches
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cloth hall- main export
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