Term
| What was Spontaneous Generation Theory? |
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Definition
| Scientists used new microscopes to study microorganisms on rotting food to try and work out where they were coming from. They came to the idea that organisms were spontaneously created by the process of decay. |
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Term
| What was the Enlightenment? |
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Definition
| A movement in Europe during the 18th Century that promoted the idea that people could think for themselves and that traditional authorities such as the Church should not be able to control people's lives. |
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Term
| What was Jenner's experiment? |
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Definition
| He carried out experiments on a little boy by taking some cowpox pus and putting it into the boy. Weeks later he put some smallpox into the boy. He didn't get smallpox. Jenner called this a vaccination. |
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Term
| Name some reasons why people opposed Jenner's work. |
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Definition
| Vaccinations were not free - many people still died of smallpox. Not all doctors were careful - so vaccinations were seen as dangerous. Sceptics thought that it was not possible - they thought that treating a human disease with an animal disease would not work. Doctors made money from inoculations - the doctors did not want to lose that income. |
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Term
| What was Koch's experiment? |
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Definition
| He took a bacterium from a sheep that had died from anthrax. He grew it and infected a mouse with it. The mouse developed anthrax. Then he took some blood from the mouse and isolated the bacterium and repeated the process. |
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Term
| Who published Germ Theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name some reasons why people opposed Pasteur's work. |
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Definition
He found that bacteria was causing diseases but he couldn't identify which ones were for specific diseases. Therefore his discovery was long term rather than short term as it didn't help treat diseases. People who didn't accept his theory as it contradicted long established theories such as 'miasma' or 'spontaneous generation'. |
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Term
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Definition
| A professor of Midwifery at Edinburugh University who had the idea of using chloroform as an anaesthetic. Before Simpson, patients would have had an amputation without anaesthetics. This would have made surgery more dangerous as the patient would have been moving violently and needed assistants to hold him down. |
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