Term
Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody against which antigen? |
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Definition
CD20 (autoimmune disease, B lymphocyte lymphoma) |
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Term
Omalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against which antigen? Is total IgE and free IgE increased or decreased? What is the range of total IgE when Omalizumab can be used? |
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Definition
FcepsilonRI ( cepsilon3 constant region) (asthma) IgG1 molecule with 95% human and 5% murine sequence Increased total IgE, decreased free IgE 30-700 |
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Term
What medications block calcineurin? |
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Definition
Cyclosporin and FK-506(tacrolimus) |
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Term
Imiquimod is an agonist to which TLR? Resiquimod? |
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Definition
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Term
Imatinib targets which receptor? |
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Definition
Kit (receptor for stem cell factor which is growth factor of mast cells) |
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Term
What is used for treatment of anaphylaxis for patients on beta-adrenergic blockade? |
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Definition
Atropine (for bradycardia), glucagon (for inotropic and chronotropic effects) |
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Term
OKT3 is a monoclonal antibody against which antigen? |
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Definition
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Term
Binding of what receptor is the proposed mechanism of IVIG? |
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Definition
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Term
What nomenclature is used for monoclonal antibodies of mouse, chimera, humanized and human type? |
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Definition
-omab, -ximab (murine variable, human constant), -zumab (murine hypervariable, human IgG molecule), -umab (human variable cloned into bacteriophage) |
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Term
Adalimumab is a monoclonal antibody against which antigen? |
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Definition
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Term
Efalizumab is a monoclonal antibody against which antigen? |
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Definition
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Term
Palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody against which antigen? |
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Definition
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Term
Keliximab is a monoclonal antibody against which antigen? Daclizumab? Natalizumab? Abciximab? |
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Definition
CD4 (MS) Renal allograft rejection MS Cardiac ischemic complications |
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Term
When is theophyline used? What is the mechanism of action? |
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Definition
Alternative for <5 yo not well controlled with low-dose inhaled corticosteroid, COPD Inhibits phosphodiesterase resulting in elevated cAMP |
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Term
What is the mechanism of action of antihistamines? |
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Definition
inverse agonists (stabilize the receptor in the inactive form) |
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Term
Describe desensitization of beta2-receptors? Tachyphylaxis? |
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Definition
Decrease in duration of bronchodilation, occurs over days to weeks ephedrine displaces norepinephrin, rapid |
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Term
What B-blockers are nonselective? What B-blockers are cardioselective (B1>B2)? What is contraindicated with b-blockers? |
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Definition
Propranolol, timolol, pindolol, nadolol, labetalol metoprolol, atenolol IT |
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Term
What receptor does montelukast, pranlukast and zafirlukast block? What receptors do zileuton block? |
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Definition
cys-LT1 receptor (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4) Both LTB4 and cys-LTs |
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Term
What should be monitored when using zileuton? |
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Definition
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Term
What bronchial challenges are prevented by mast cell stabilizers (cromolyn)? What challenges are not prevented? |
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Definition
exercise, air, adenosine, saline, mannitol methacholine, histamine |
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Term
What subset of patients is benefited by ipratropium? |
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Definition
COPD (bronchodilation equal to b-agonists) |
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Term
What is the order of relative binding affinity for inhaled corticosteroids? relative potency? |
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Definition
Mometasone>fluticasone>budesonide>triamcinolone Mometasone=fluticasone>budesonide=beclomethasone>triamcinolone |
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Term
What is receptor is over expressed in steroid resistance? |
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Definition
glucocorticoid receptor beta |
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Term
What is the molecular target of alemtuzumab? Indications? Cetuximab? Eculizumab? Efalizumab? Palivizumab? Abatacept? Alefacept? |
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Definition
CD25 (chronic B-lymphocyte leukemia) EGF (epidermal growth factor) (Colorectal CA, Head/neck CA) C5 (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria) CD11a (subunit of LFA-1) (Plaque psoriasis) RSV fusion protein (prevention of RSV) B7 (RA, JRA) CD2 (plaque psoriasis) |
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Term
What is the mechanism of action of methotrexate? Azathioprine? Mycophenolate mofetil? Cyclosporine A? Tacrolimus/Pimecrolimus? |
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Definition
inhibits cell replication inhibits purine nucleotide synthesis and metabolism affects purine nucleotide synthesis and metabolism inhibits helper T cell function calcineurin inhibitors (inhibit NFAT which decreases IL-2) |
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Term
What is the standard dose of IVIG? IVIG for Kawasaki and various neurologic diseases? subcutaneous Ig? |
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Definition
400-600 mg/kg every 3-4 weeks 2 g/kg every 3-4 weeks 100 mg/kg every week |
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Term
What are the immunomodulatory effects of Ig replacement? |
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Definition
Fc receptor blockade (ADCC inhibited by FcgammaRIII on NK cells, antibody production inhibited by FcgammaRIIb on B cells), neutralizes superantigen/toxins/autoantibodies, inhibits cytokines, inhibits complement, inhibits fas-mediated apotheosis on keratinocytes (in TEN) |
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Term
What precautions should be taken with IVIG? |
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Definition
Avoid live vaccines for several months, use low IgA products in patient with low IgA levels |
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Term
What are the indications of IFN-alpha? IFN-beta? IFN-gamma? IL-2? IL-11? GM-CSF? Epoetin/Darbepoetin? |
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Definition
IFN-a - Hep B/C, hairy cell leukemia, CML, HPV IFN-b - Relapsing MS IFN-g - CGD, malignant osteopetrosis IL-2 - renal cell carcinoma, melanoma IL-11 - chemo-induced thrombocytopenia GM-CSF - AML, bone marrow/stem cell transplant, neutropenia Epoetin/Darbepoetin - anemia from chronic renal failure, HIV, chemo, primary bone marrow disorders |
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Term
What are the indications for TNF-alpha? What are examples and what do they bind? What precautions should be made? |
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Definition
RA, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis Infliximab (TNF-alpha), Etanercept (TNF-alpha and TNF-beta), Adalimumab (TNF-alpha), Cerolizumab, Golimumab Risk of reactivation of TB, development of autoantibiodies, increased LFTs, live vaccines not recommended |
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Term
Name the mechanisms of these drugs Anakinra Rilonacept Basiliximab Daclizumab Toclizumab |
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Definition
Recombinant IL-1Ra IL-1 Trap Chimeric IL-2Ra Humanized IL-2Ra Humanized IL-6Ra |
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Term
What do these nomenclatures for monoclonal antibodies mean? omab ximab zumab umab cept |
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Definition
murine chimeric human/mouse humanized fully human fusion of a receptor to the Fc part of human IgG1 |
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Term
What medication inhibits COX-2 expression? What medications are tolerated by aspirin hypersensitivity pt? What prostaglandin is mast cell derived in response to IgE mediated reactions? |
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Definition
Glucocorticoids Acetaminophen and COX-2 inhibitors PGD2 |
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Term
What percent of asthmatics have AERD? |
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Definition
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Term
In aspirin sensitivity which direction do these mediators change? cyt-LT1 LTD4 urine LTE4 PGE2 |
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Definition
Increased Increased Increased Decreased |
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Term
What are the side effects of tar skin preparations? |
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Definition
photosensitivity, pustular folliculitis |
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Term
What is a complication of gene therapy in X-linked SCID? |
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Definition
ALL from transgene insertion into LMO2 gene |
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