Term
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Definition
| 1906; Established official standards for listing or labeling dangerous and addictive ingredients; set standards for proper labeling of medications |
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Term
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Definition
| 1914; Regulated imporation, manufacture, sale and use of opium, cocaine, marijuana, etc. |
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Term
| Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act |
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Definition
| 1938; Required a drug be proven safe before it was marketed; provided for govt approval of new drugs before marketing; defined labeling requirements |
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Term
| Durham-Humphrey Amendment |
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Definition
| Specified which drugs need a prescription to be sold and which do not. Required tha all prescription drugs be clearly marked with "Caution: Federal Law prohibits dispensing without a prescription". Established OTC drugs as a separate group of drugs. |
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Term
| Kefauver-Harris Amendment |
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Definition
| 1962; Authorized FDA to establish official names for drugs; required proof of safety and eficacy before approval for use. |
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Term
| Comprehensive Drug Abuse and Control Act |
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Definition
| 1970; Classified drugs by abuse potential and medical usefulness; regulated manufaccture, ditribution, and sale of controlled substances; provided for treatment and rehabilitation for drug abuse and dependance |
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Term
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Definition
| 1983; Provided Tax credits to companies to develop drugs used to treat rare diseases |
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Term
| Food and Drug Administration Act |
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Definition
| 1988; Established the FDA with the DHHS. |
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Term
| Phamacokinetics (4 processes) |
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Definition
| study of drug absorbtion, distribution, metabolism and excretion. |
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Term
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Definition
| may be defined as what the drug does to the body. The study of how medications achieve their effects at various sites in the body. How specific drug molecules interact with target cells and how biological responses occur. |
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Term
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Definition
| gets drug undigested through stomach to intestines for absorption there |
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Term
| List the main sources of drugs (4) |
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Definition
| Plants, Animals, Minerals, Sythetic |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of drug potency due to GI and Liver absorption |
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Term
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Definition
kidneys
liver and GI tract
lungs
exocrine glands (sweat & saliva) |
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Term
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Definition
| concentration of drug in blood that produces desired effect without toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
| min/max of therapeutic level |
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Term
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Definition
| low point of drug blood concentration before new dose initiates rise in level |
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Term
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Definition
| the time it takes for half the drug to be eliminated |
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Term
| What factors affect pharmacokinetics? |
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Definition
| age, sex, body mass, pregnancy, environment, timing of admin, fluid intake, pathological states, genetics, psychological factors (placebo). |
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Term
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Definition
| the intended effect of the drug |
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Term
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Definition
| unintended effect of drug/ side effects & adverse reactions (more severe). |
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Term
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Definition
Toxic Reactions; OD, Inability to metabolize, Abnormal sensitivity
Allergic Reactions; itching, inflammation, anaphylactic reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| when one drug alters or modifies the actions of another. |
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Term
| Drug Interaction/antagonistic |
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Definition
| one drug interferes with another |
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Term
| Drug Interaction/synergistic |
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Definition
| one drug complements or amplifies another |
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Term
| Drug Interaction/incompatibility |
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Definition
| one causes a chemical deterioration in one or both drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| indicate the strength of ion concentration in a drug. A mEq is the # of grams of solid contained in 1 mL of a solution |
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Term
| A complete med order has 6 parts: |
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Definition
Pt. full name
Date/Time order written
Name of Med
Dose (size, frequency, total #)
Route
Signature |
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Term
| Verifying questions for Med order: |
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Definition
legible?
within normal dose range?
route appropriate?
drug appropriate for pt.?
allergic?
admin times appropriate? |
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Term
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Definition
Standard Written Orders
Auto Stop Dates
STAT orders
single or one time order
Standing order
PRN orders |
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Term
| Types of med orders/standard written orders |
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Definition
| applies until prescriber stops or alters |
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Term
| Types of med orders/Auto stop dates |
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Definition
| protocols that hospitals use for discontinuing medications after a certain length of time. e.g. Narc orders stop after 7 days. |
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Term
| Types of med orders/Standing orders |
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Definition
| officially accepted sets of orders to be applied routinely by nurses for the care of patients under certain conditions or under certain circumstances. |
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Term
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Definition
| care give may order a medication to be given whenever the patient requires. |
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Term
| What do i do if i think order is incorrect? |
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Definition
ask another rn to check order
look up in reference book
contact md
DO NOT assume you are correctly interpreting the order if you have any questions at all. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ingestion of many medications attempting to treat many diseases simultaneously |
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Term
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Definition
DRUG
DOSE
TIME
ROUTE
PATIENT
DOCUMENTATION |
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Term
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Definition
RIGHT REASON
RIGHT TO KNOW
RIGHT TO REFUSE |
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Term
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Definition
| given via feeding or nasal tubes. |
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Term
| Concern Medicating Geriatrics |
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Definition
Swallowing ability
diminished capacity to follow directions
forgetting to take them
impaired vision
getting containers open
understanding necessity of med |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| production of mist from liquid drug for inhalation. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| come in 3,5, 10 mL; with or without needles attached. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1mL capacity, 28 gauge half inch needle |
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Term
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Definition
| calibrated in 'units' @ 100 unit/mL. Come in 0.3, 0.5 or 1mL. 28 gauge needle. |
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Term
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Definition
| 3mL max in glutes or quads, 1mL max in deltoid; Injected through fat layer. Aspirate needle |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 cm, length varies according to size of muscle and pt. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1mL max injected INTO fat layer |
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Term
| ID (intradermal) injection |
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Definition
| 0.1 max, injected into the skin (TB testing) |
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Term
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Definition
| Fast acting. Riskier for adverse reactions. Needs to be compatible with fluid, bag and tubes pt is using. |
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Term
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Definition
| injected directly into systemic circulation. |
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Term
| Administering Heparin (anticoagulant) |
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Definition
| inject SC deep into abdomen > 5cm from umbilicus. ADD 0.2mL of AIR after drawing correct dose. Do not aspirate or massage. |
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Term
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Definition
before you pour, mix or draw, CHECK label against MAR
CHECK again returning med to cart
CHECK again at bedside before admin. |
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Term
| What if I commit a med error? |
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Definition
Check Pt. take vitals and assess
If unfamiliar with SA of drug, ref book
Verify you have made error & identify type of error
Notify Charge Nurse then Physician.
Document med given but not that it was error.
Complete incident report.
Review incident yourself. |
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Term
| epidural (synonym: peridural) |
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Definition
| (injection or infusion into the epidural space), |
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Term
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Definition
| (into the cerebrum) direct injection into the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| (into the skin itself) is used for skin testing some allergens, and also for mantoux test for Tuberculosis |
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Term
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Definition
| (into an artery), e.g. vasodilator drugs in the treatment of vasospasm and thrombolytic drugs for treatment of embolism |
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Term
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Definition
| (into the bone marrow) is, in effect, an indirect intravenous access because the bone marrow drains directly into the venous system. This route is occasionally used for drugs and fluids in emergency medicine and pediatrics when intravenous access is difficult. |
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Term
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Definition
| (into the spinal canal) is most commonly used for spinal anesthesia and chemotherapy |
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Term
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Definition
| infusion is into the urinary bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Intracavernous injection, |
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Definition
| an injection into the base of the penis |
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Term
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Definition
| e.g. topical estrogens, antibacterials |
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Term
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Definition
| (diffusion through the intact skin for systemic rather than topical distribution) |
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Term
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Definition
| (diffusion through a mucous membrane), e.g. insufflation (snorting) of cocaine, |
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Term
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Definition
| (application onto the skin), |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| common sites for intradermal injections: |
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Definition
| inside forearms, over scapulas, upper chest |
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Term
| common sites for SC injections: |
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Definition
| abdomen, love handles, triceps, quads |
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Term
| common sites for IM injections: |
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Definition
| Ventrogluteal site (bulge on lower hip) Deltoid, Quads (high top; rectus femoris) or lower lateral (vestalis lateralis) |
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