Term
| List the types of aerosol drugs ? |
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Definition
1.Nasal
2.Bronchodilators
3.Mast Cell Stabilizers
4.Corticosteroids
5.Mucolytics
6.Antimicrobials |
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Term
| What are the disadvantages of Aerosol Treatment? |
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Definition
1.Difficult to deliver precise dose – Affected by many factors including
properties of the drug, characteristics of the device used to generate the aerosols, and the way the patient inhales the aerosol
2. Compliance of patient
3. Good patient education
-Patient must learn to self administer medication
-Patient must learn to care for the specialized equipment to insure proper function and infection control |
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Term
Nasal Decongestant
Function |
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Definition
•Aerosol that is sprayed into the nasal area
•Produce large particles which settle into the nasal region
•Powerful vasoconstrictor which decreases blood flow to a stuffy nose, causing the nasal passage to clear. |
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Term
| What are some examples of nasal decongestant? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of Bronchodilators? |
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Definition
•Dilate the airways
•Relax the smooth muscles that surrounds the airways |
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Term
| What are some examples of Bronchdilators? |
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Definition
| Proventil, Atrovent, Maxairand Serevent |
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Term
| What is the function of Mast Cell Stabilizers? |
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Definition
•Desensitized the allergic response
•Prevents or decreases incidence of an asthma attack |
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Term
| What are some examples of Mast Cell Stabilizers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of Mucolytics? |
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Definition
•Break down or thins the secretions
•Makes it easier for patient to expectorate |
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Term
| What are some examples of Mucolytics? |
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Definition
| Mucomyst (acetylcysteine) |
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Term
| What are the functions of Antimicrobials? |
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Definition
| Fights bacterial and viral infections involving the respiratory system |
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Term
| What are some examples of Antimicrobials? |
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Definition
| Gentamicin, ribavirin and pentamidine |
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Term
| What is the disadvantage of inhaling a corticosteroid and not rinsing your mouth? |
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Definition
| It can deplete or wipe out the normal bacteria in the mouth causing sores. It is critical that the patient rinse mouth to prevent oral infections. |
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Term
| Define the ideal particle size that reaches the peripheral part (lower airways) of the lung? |
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Definition
•Ideal range of 1 –5 microns
–Most aerosol generating devices produce aerosol particles this range which penetrate to the lower airways where |
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Term
| What are the advantages of MDI? |
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Definition
| Small, portable convenient aerosol delivery devices, self administered, does not require an electrical air compressor, contain several hundred doses, treatment time is short, & drug delivery is efficient. |
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Term
| What are the disadvantages of MDI? |
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Definition
| The technique and coordination required for efficient MDI use make it the most difficult of all the aerosol devices. If there is a delay between actuation & inhalation, or if the p.t. inhales too rapidly, the delivery to the lower airways will be affected. |
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Term
| What role does “surfactants” play? |
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Definition
| Added to the drug solution to stabilize the particles to a uniformly small size. |
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Term
| What is the role of “propellants”? |
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Definition
| “powers” the aerosol out of the canister |
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Term
| What are the steps for delivering an MDI? |
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Definition
1. Remove the cap, assemble, if necessary, the canister into the actuator, hold upright.
2. Shake (discharge a waste dose if it has been >24 hrs since the inhaler was last used)
3. Exhale normally
4. Place the spacer in your mouth, keep the tongue out of the way, or use the open mouth technique if you don’t have a spacer.
5. Slow, deep breath, pressing down (activating) on the canister
6. Breath in until your lungs are full, hold your breath approximately 10 sec. or as long as you can.
7. Breath out normally, wait 1-2 minutes before the next puff, before repeating the steps, shake…..
8. Reassemble and store the MDI |
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Term
| What is the purpose of using a spacer? |
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Definition
| Improves lung deposition by eliminating the larger particles as the larger particles vaporize in the reservoir. (NOTE: Use of a spacer/holding chamber with a steroid MDI (Flovent) is mandatory.) |
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Term
| What the advantages of using a spacer? |
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Definition
1. Gives the p.t. time to coordinate their inspiration with activation of the MDI, as their inspiratory effort may lag behind the activation of the MDI
2. Can be used for infants and children
3. Helps direct the aerosol into the mouth, rather than into the eyes or face.
4. Spacers can make it easier for medication to reach the lungs, and also mean less Medication gets deposited in the mouth and throat, where it can lead to irritation and Mild infections. |
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Term
| Give some examples of MDI's? |
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Definition
Albuterol
Atrovant
Proventil HFA
Ventolin HFA |
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Term
| What are the advantages of DPI's? |
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Definition
| Small and easy to use, contains no harmful propellants, easy to tell how much drug is left, self actuated-eliminates timing and technique problems w/ MDI’s, may deposit more drug in lungs, can be used in cold environments |
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Term
| What are the disadvantages of DPI's? |
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Definition
| Few drugs are available in powder form, some patients may react to carrier substance, inspiratory flows equal to or at least 50 L/min is required for the device to aerosolize the powder properly. |
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Term
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Definition
Open the discuss in one hand, put the thumb of the other hand on thumb grip. Push the thumb away from you as far as it will go until the mouthpiece appears and snaps into position.
Hold discuss in a level, horizontal position with the mouth piece towards you. Slide the lever away from you until it clicks. Now the discuss is ready for use.
Preparing to Inhale: Breathe out, holding the Diskus level and away from your mouth. (Never breathe out into the Diskus mouth piece.) |
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Term
| What is the procedure for administering Continuous Bronchodilator Therapy? |
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Definition
2.5 to 5 mg of albuterol by nebulizer every 20 minutes for three doses
or
10 to 15 mg of albuterol per hour by continuous nebulization. |
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Term
| What machines are designed for Continuous Bronchodilator Therapy? |
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Definition
| Specialized large-volume jet nebulizers such as the HEART and HOPE nebulizers are designed for this purpose. |
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Term
| Are the possible side effects of Continuous Bronchodilator Therapy? |
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Definition
| Tachycardia, arrhythmias, hypokalemia (low potassium), hyperglycemia, and tremors. |
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Term
| What patients may benefit from Continuous Bronchodilator Therapy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the advantages of Aerosol Treatment? |
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Definition
1.Drug absorption is fast -Lungs have a large surface area and are rich in vasculature for drug absorption, therefore, medications delivered via the inhalation route act very quickly
2.Site of action -This route delivers the medication to the lungs which results in rapid action with minimal side effects
3.Smaller effective dosages -Aerosol route delivers the medication locally to the target organ, so entire bloodstream is not being medicated which results in less side effects
4.Effective and Convenient –if done properly
5.Painless. |
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Term
| What is the importance of particle size in small volume nebs? |
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Definition
–Most important factor in determining whether the aerosol gets to the lung
–Aerosol particles are measured in microns, which equal one-millionth of a meter |
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Term
| What is the ideal particle size for small volume nebs? |
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Definition
| Ideal range of 1 –5 microns |
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Term
| What Factors that effect inertial impaction? |
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Definition
1.Speed of delivery device
2.Rate of breathing |
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Term
| What factors influence drug delivery in the lungs? |
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Definition
1.Size of aerosol particle
2.Patient’s breathing pattern
3.Disease state |
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Term
| What is the purpose of peak flow meter? |
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Definition
| is a measurement device used by asthmatics to get accurate and fast readings regarding the effectiveness of breathing. |
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Term
| Describe when to modify therapy based on the patient’s response and peak flow. |
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Definition
•Changing drug dosage (increase or decrease)
•Changing drug concentration (increase or decrease)
•Changing frequency of therapy (increase or decrease) |
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Term
| Why does the inhalation route provide a fast onset of action? |
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Definition
Very fast acting and effective route for delivering medications directly to the respiratory system
–Delivers medication to the needed sight of action, therefore minimizing systemic absorption and side effects |
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