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Medical Vocab Ch #04 Prefixes
Medical Coding & Billing Word Structures & Vocab.
192
Medical
Undergraduate 1
04/28/2010

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Term
abductor
Definition
One who (muscle which) leads away from the body. To abduct means to carry away by force; kidnap.
Term
abnormal
Definition
Pertaining to away from the norm (rule); not regular.
Term
adductor
Definition
One who (muscle which) leads toward the body. To admit means to send toward or permit entrance.
Term
adrenal glands
Definition
Endocrine glands located above (toward) the kidneys.
Term
anabolism
Definition
Process: casting up (building-up complex materials {proteins}or synthesizing process in a cell)
Term
analysis
Definition
To separate (apart). Psychoanalysis explores the mind. Urinalysis examination of urine
Term
anoxia
Definition
Without oxygen (decrease in tissues).
Term
ante cibum
Definition
Before meals.
Term
anteflexion
Definition
Bending forward.
Term
antepartum
Definition
Before birth.
Term
antibiotic
Definition
Pertaining to against life (germ life).
Term
antibody
Definition
Protein substance made in the body to destroy foreign antigens.
Term
antigen
Definition
A substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of antibodies.
Term
antisepsis
Definition
Condition against infection.
Term
antitoxin
Definition
A substance (antibody) produced in response to and capable of neutralizing a toxin
Term
apnea
Definition
Not breathing.
Term
autoimmune disease
Definition
A condition related to making antibodies (immune substances) against one’s own (auto-) cells & tissues.
Term
bifurcation
Definition
Forking (branching) into two; as the trachea bifurcates into two individual tubes.
Term
bilateral
Definition
Pertaining to two sides.
Term
bradycardia
Definition
Condition of slow heart beat.
Term
Bunion
Definition
Abnormal swelling of the joint between the big toe and a bone of the foot.
Term
catabolism
Definition
Process of breaking down complex materials (foods/sugars) to release energy
Term
congenital anomaly
Definition
Irregularity at birth.
Term
connective
Definition
To tie (bind) together. A conference (fer-means to carry or bring) is where people gather together
Term
connective tissue
Definition
Tissue that supports & binds other tissues & parts. EX: bones, cartilage, muscle or fibrus tissue
Term
contraindication
Definition
To point out against; as reasons why a drug should not be taken.
Term
contralateral
Definition
Pertaining to the opposite side.
Term
dehydration
Definition
Condition of lack of water.
Term
dialysis
Definition
Complete separation; two types are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
Term
diameter
Definition
To measure through; as the diameter of a circle.
Term
diarrhea
Definition
To flow through; water is not properly absorbed through the walls of the colon.
Term
dysplasia
Definition
Abnormal (“bad”) development or formation.
Term
dyspnea
Definition
Difficult breathing.
Term
ectopic pregnancy
Definition
Pregnancy out of the normal place (usually in the fallopian tubes).
Term
endocardium
Definition
Inner lining (membrane) of the heart.
Term
endoscope
Definition
Instrument to view within the body; gastroscope, bronchoscope, laparoscope.
Term
endotracheal
Definition
Pertaining to within the trachea.
Term
epithelium
Definition
Skin cell; literally, “upon a nipple.”
Term
euphoria
Definition
Good feeling, “high.” A eulogy is a speech saying good things about a person after his/her death.
Term
euthyroid
Definition
Normal thyroid function.
Term
exophthalmos
Definition
Eyeballs that protrude.
Term
hemiglossectomy
Definition
Removal of half the tongue.
Term
hyperglycemia
Definition
Abnormally high level of glucose in blood
Term
hyperplasia
Definition
Condition of increased formation (increase in number of cells).
Term
Hypertrophy
Definition
Increase in size of tissue or an organ due to increase in size of individual cells.
Term
hypodermic injection
Definition
Use of a needle and syringe to force liquid under the skin.
Term
hypoglycemia
Definition
Abnormally low level of glucose in blood
Term
incision
Definition
Process of cutting into; sectioning.
Term
infracostal
Definition
Pertaining to below ribs.
Term
insomniac
Definition
Pertaining to inability to sleep.
Term
intercostal
Definition
Pertaining to between the ribs.
Term
intravenous
Definition
Pertaining to within a vein.
Term
macrocephaly
Definition
Pertaining to an enlarged head. A congenital anomaly.
Term
malaise
Definition
Feeling of discomfort; “bad feeling.”
Term
malignant
Definition
Harmful, bad; cancerous condition.
Term
metacarpal bones
Definition
Five hand bones (beyond the wrist).
Term
metamorphosis
Definition
Condition of change of shape or form.
Term
metastasis
Definition
Beyond control; spreading of a cancerous tumor from its original location to a distant site.
Term
microscope
Definition
Instrument to view small objects.
Term
neonatal
Definition
Pertaining to a newborn (infant).
Term
neoplasm
Definition
New growth; new formation (tumor benign or malignant).
Term
pancytopenia
Definition
Condition of decrease in all cells (blood cells).
Term
paralysis
Definition
Abnormal destruction (of nerves) leading to loss of muscle function.
Term
parathyroid glands
Definition
Endocrine glands located near (on the dorsal side of) the thyroid gland.
Term
percutaneous
Definition
Pertaining to through the skin.
Term
pericardium
Definition
Membrane (structure) surrounding the heart
Term
Periosteum
Definition
Membrane surrounding bones.
Term
polymorphonuclear
Definition
Pertaining to a many-shaped nucleus; a type of white blood cell.
Term
polyneuritis
Definition
Inflammation of many nerves.
Term
postmortem
Definition
After death.
Term
postpartum
Definition
After childbirth; this most often refers to the mother.
Term
precancerous
Definition
Pertaining to before cancer; a lesion that may become cancerous.
Term
prenatal
Definition
Pertaining to before birth.
Term
prodrome
Definition
Symptoms that appear before the onset of a more severe illness.
Term
prolapse
Definition
Sliding forward or downward.
Term
recombinant DNA
Definition
Inserting a gene (region of DNA) from one organism into the DNA of another organism.
Term
relapse
Definition
A sliding back; recurrence of symptoms of disease.
Term
remission
Definition
To send back; partial or complete disappearance of symptoms of disease.
Term
retroflexion
Definition
Bending backward.
Term
retroperitoneal
Definition
Pertaining to behind the peritoneum.
Term
subcutaneous
Definition
Pertaining to under (beneath) the skin.
Term
suprapubic
Definition
Pertaining to above the pubic bone (part of the pelvis).
Term
symbiosis
Definition
Condition or state of “life together”; two organisms living together for mutual benefit or not (parasitism).
Term
symmetry
Definition
State of “measurement together”; equality of parts; mirror images.
Term
symphysis
Definition
To grow together; bones that grow together at the joint.
Term
syndactyly
Definition
Condition of webbed (held together) fingers or toes; a congenital anomaly.
Term
syndrome
Definition
A group of symptoms that run (occur) together. In synchrony means timed (chron/o) together.
Term
synthesis
Definition
To put, place together, as in protein synthesis or photosynthesis.
Term
tachypnea
Definition
Rapid breathing.
Term
transfusion
Definition
To pour across, as in transferring blood from one person to another.
Term
transurethral
Definition
Pertaining to through the urethra.
Term
ultrasonography
Definition
Process of recording ultrasound (beyond the normal range) waves.
Term
unilateral
Definition
Pertaining to one side.
Term
carp/o
Definition
wrist bones
Term
cib/o
Definition
meals
Term
cis/o
Definition
to cut
Term
cost/o
Definition
rib
Term
cutane/o
Definition
skin
Term
dactyl/o
Definition
fingers, toes
Term
duct/o
Definition
to lead, carry
Term
flex/o
Definition
to bend
Term
furc/o
Definition
forking, branching
Term
gloss/o
Definition
tongue
Term
glyc/o
Definition
sugar
Term
immun/o
Definition
protection
Term
mort/o
Definition
death
Term
nat/i
Definition
birth
Term
nect/o
Definition
to bind, tie, connect
Term
norm/o
Definition
rule, order
Term
ox/o
Definition
oxygen
Term
pharyng/o
Definition
throat
Term
pub/o
Definition
pubis , anterior portion of the pelvic or hipbone (pubic bone)
Term
seps/o
Definition
infection
Term
somn/o
Definition
sleep
Term
son/o
Definition
sound
Term
the/o
Definition
to put, place
Term
thel/o
Definition
nipple
Term
thyr/o
Definition
thyroid gland; shield shaped gland
Term
top/o
Definition
place position, location
Term
tox/o
Definition
poison
Term
urethr/o
Definition
urethra
Term
a-, an-
Definition
no, not, without
Term
ab-
Definition
away from
Term
ad-
Definition
toward
Term
ana-
Definition
up, apart, backward
Term
ante-
Definition
before, forward
Term
anti-
Definition
against
Term
aut-, auto-
Definition
self, own
Term
bi-
Definition
two
Term
brady-
Definition
slow
Term
cata-
Definition
down
Term
con-
Definition
with, together
Term
contra-
Definition
against, opposite
Term
de-
Definition
down, lack of
Term
dia-
Definition
through, complete
Term
dys-
Definition
bad, painful, difficult, abnormal
Term
ec-, ecto-
Definition
out, outside
Term
en-
Definition
in, within
Term
end-, endo
Definition
within
Term
epi-
Definition
upon, above
Term
eu-
Definition
good, normal
Term
ex-
Definition
out
Term
hemi-
Definition
half
Term
hyper-
Definition
excessive, above, more than normal
Term
hypo-
Definition
deficient, below, under, less than normal
Term
in-
Definition
1.) not: 2.) into, within
Term
infra-
Definition
beneath
Term
inter-
Definition
between
Term
intra-
Definition
into, within
Term
macro-
Definition
large
Term
mal-
Definition
bad
Term
meta-
Definition
1.) change, 2.)beyond
Term
micro-
Definition
small
Term
neo-
Definition
new
Term
pan-
Definition
all
Term
para-
Definition
abnormal, beside, near
Term
per-
Definition
through
Term
poly-
Definition
many, much
Term
post-
Definition
after, behind
Term
pre-
Definition
before, in front of
Term
pro-
Definition
before, forward
Term
pseudo-
Definition
false
Term
re-
Definition
back, again
Term
retro-
Definition
behind, backward
Term
sub-
Definition
under
Term
supra-
Definition
above, upper
Term
sym-
Definition
together, with
Term
syn-
Definition
together, with
Term
tachy-
Definition
fast
Term
tele-
Definition
far
Term
ultra-
Definition
beyond, excess
Term
uni-
Definition
one
Term
-blast
Definition
embryonic or immature cell
Term
-crine
Definition
to secrete (to form and give off)
Term
-cyesis
Definition
pregnancy
Term
-drome
Definition
to run
Term
-fusion
Definition
coming together; to pour
Term
-gen
Definition
substance that produces
Term
-lapse
Definition
to side, fall, sag
Term
-lysis
Definition
breakdown, destruction, separation
Term
-meter
Definition
to measure
Term
-mission
Definition
to send
Term
-or
Definition
one who
Term
-partum
Definition
birth, labor
Term
-phoria
Definition
to bear, carry; feeling (mental state)
Term
-physis
Definition
to grow
Term
-plasia
Definition
development, formation, growth
Term
-plasm
Definition
formation, growth
Term
-pnea
Definition
breathing
Term
-ptosis
Definition
drooping, sagging, prolapse
Term
-rrhea
Definition
flow, discharge
Term
-stasis
Definition
stopping, controlling
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