Term
| PITUITARY GLAND (HYPOPHYSIS) |
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Definition
| Gland situated on the under-surface of the brain. Consists of two distinct masses of endocrine tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| The anterior pituitary; produces hormones that regulate the development and function of other endocrine glands. |
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Term
| THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH) |
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Definition
| A hormone produced by the adenohypophysis that regulates thyroid function. |
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Term
| ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH) |
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Definition
| Hormone produced by the adenohypophysis that stimulates the adrenal cortex. |
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Term
| FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH) |
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Definition
| Hormone produced by the adenohypophysis that stimulates gonadal function. |
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Definition
| Hormone produced by the adenohypophysis that stimulates gonadal function. |
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Term
| GROWTH HORMONE (SOMATOTROPIN) |
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Definition
| Hormone produced in the adenohypophysis that regulates the natural growth process. |
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Definition
| Hormone produced by the adenohypophysis that is required for lactation after pregnancy. |
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Definition
| The posterior pituitary; is in direct continuity with the hypothalmus. |
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Definition
| Links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary. |
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Definition
| Hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates uterine contractions in labor. |
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Term
| VASOPRESSIN (ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE, ADH) |
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Definition
| Hormone produced in the hypothalamus that helps to control water balance by promoting reabsorption of water by kidneys. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gland situated in the front of the neck overlying the junction of the larynx and trachea. The hormones produced by the thyroid gland circulate in the blood to influence general metabolism. |
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Definition
| An iodine-containing hormone produced by the thyroid gland that circulates in the blood by binding to a plasma protein. |
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Definition
| An iodine-containing hormone produced by the thyroid gland that circulates in the blood by binding to a plasma protein. |
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Term
| THYROID BINDING GLOBULIN (TBG) |
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Definition
| Hormones that circulate by binding to plasma proteins. |
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Definition
| Named because they lay in or on the capsule of the thyroid gland. |
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Term
| PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH) |
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Definition
| Hormone produced by the parathyroid glands that regulates the serum calcium level within narrow limits. |
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Definition
| Hormone produced by the thyroid gland that is involved in regulation of serum calcium. |
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Definition
| Two crescent-shaped caps of endocrine tissue, one situated on top of each kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
| The outer layer of endocrine tissue on the adrenal glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| The inner layer of endocrine tissue of the adrenal glands. |
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Definition
| Produced by the adrenal cortex. Increase glucose production by the liver, affect protein and fat metabolism, help to regulate blood pressure, mediate many of the responses of the body to stress, and tend to supress immune and inflammatory responses. |
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Definition
| Produced by the adrenal cortex. Regulate electrolyte and water balance by promoting renal retention of sodium ions of potassium, hydrogen, and ammonium ions. |
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Definition
| Produced by the adrenal cortex. These play a minor role in reproductive physiology in both men and women. |
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Definition
| Tiny aggregations of endocrine cells that carry out the endocrine functions of the pancreas. |
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Definition
| Cells of the islets of Langerhans that produce insulin, which increases glucose utilization and exerts other complex influences on the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. |
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Definition
| Cells of the islets of Langerhans that produce glucagon, an inhibitor of glucose activity. |
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Definition
| Cells of the islets of Langerhans that produce somatostatin, which inhibits secretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary. |
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Definition
| Abnormal growth of the body, especially facial features and extremities due to excess of pituitary growth hormone. |
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Definition
| A relatively simple nitrogen-containing organic compound. Of the 20 amino acids that are essential to human metabolism, half can be manufactured in the body and the others must be obtained in the diet. |
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Definition
| A measure of the proportion of fat to lean body mass. |
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Definition
| A vascular hum synchronous with heartbeat, heard with a stethoscope. |
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Definition
| A measurement of the energy released by food. |
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Definition
| One of three basic food types, it is the source of energy in the diet which is consumed in the form of starches and sugars. |
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Definition
| Cortisol or aldosterone (hormones of the adrenal cortex), or any synthetic drug having similar effects. |
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Definition
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Definition
| A gland that secretes internally (directly into the circulation): pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads. |
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Definition
| Amino acids that cannot be made in the body and must be obtained from diet. |
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Definition
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| Bulging or protrusion of one or both eyes |
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Definition
| One of three basic food types, also called lipid. It is an oily or greasy substance built up of fatty acids (long, straight-chain organic acids). |
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Definition
| A 6-carbon sugar that is the most plentiful in the blood and the principal fuel of cellular energy metabolism. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Chemical messenger or mediator produced by a cell, tissue, or gland. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Low level of blood glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| Elevation of serum potassium |
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Term
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Definition
| Accumulation of ketone bodies in the body tissues and fluids from abnormal metabolization of fat. |
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Definition
| Slowness of upper eyelids to move with eye movements. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Abnormal swelling of the skin due to deficiency of thyroid hormone. |
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Definition
| The intake and use of foods by the body. |
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| One of three basic food types, made up of long strands of amino acids, proteins are responsible for maintenance and repair of tissues and organs, and for production of intracellular enzymes, hormones, and other substances. |
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Definition
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Definition
| The saddle-shaped bony depression in which the pituitary rests. |
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Definition
| Promotes release of a specific hormone into the circulation. |
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Definition
| A hormone that inhibits production and release of growth hormone. |
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Definition
| Stimulates the cells of a remote gland to produce its secretion. |
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Definition
| An organic compound normally present in many foods that the human body needs in trace amounts, usually to serve as boosters or catalysts in essential metabolic processes. |
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| Twitching of the face after percussion over the facial nerve in front of the ear, a sign of latent tetany due to hypocalcemia |
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Term
| FINE-NEEDLE BIOPSY OF THE THYROID GLAND |
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Definition
| Sampling of the thyroid gland tissue via insertion of a fine-bore needle into the thyroid |
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Term
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Definition
| A small portable device from Bayer used to measure blood sugar |
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Definition
| Surgical removal of a lobe of the thyroid gland |
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Definition
| Surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands |
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Definition
| Spastic contraction of the hand after application of a constricting cuff to the arm, a sign of latent tetany |
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Definition
| Surgical removal of the thyroid gland |
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Term
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Definition
| Acetone in the urine can be measured with a dipstick. Small amounts are found in starvation and other abnormal metabolic states, larger amounts in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus |
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Term
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Definition
| The level of glucose in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone produced by the thyroid gland and affecting the metabolism of calcium. It is markedly elevated in certain malignancies of the thyroid and lung |
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Term
| FASTING BLOOD SUGAR (FBS) |
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Definition
| Determination of serum glucose in a specimen drawn from a patient who has been fasting for several hours, usually overnight |
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Term
| GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST (GTT) |
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Definition
| Measurements of blood sugar made at various intervals after ingestion of a standard carbohydrate meal |
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Term
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Definition
| Should be negative. Glucose (sugar) in the urine usually indicates diabetes mellitus or other endocrine dysfunction |
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Term
| GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN (HEMOGLOBIN A1C) |
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Definition
| Measurement of the amount of glucose bound to the hemoglobin of red blood cells. Useful in monitoring long-term control of diabetes mellitus |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of waste products resulting from abnormal metabolism of fat in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Ketones may be called ketone bodies or simply "acetone." |
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Term
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Definition
| Urinary breakdown products of adrenal cortical hormones, increased in certain disorders of the adrenal gland |
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Term
| T3, T3, (TRIIODOTHYRONINE) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH) |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland and promotes its normal function |
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Term
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Definition
| Principal hormone of the thyroid gland. Also called T4. |
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