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Medical Terminology part 2
N/A
282
Medical
Undergraduate 2
10/15/2012

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Term
Cranium
Definition
Skull. Made up of 8 bones: frontal, spheroid, ethmoid, lacrimal, nasal, zygomatic, parietal, occipital
Term
"head", "horn"
Definition
kranion, keras (cranium)
Term
"to chew"
Definition
mandare (mandible)
Term
Mandible
Definition
lower jaw, jawbone, inferior maxilla
Term
Clavicle
Definition
collarbone
Term
"jaw", "cheek"
Definition
maxilla
Term
"a little key", "door bolt"
Definition
clavicula
Term
"shoulder-blades"
Definition
scapulae
Term
Scapula
Definition
the shoulder blades
Term
Humerus
Definition
Upper arm bone between scapula and ulna
Term
"upper arm, shoulder"
Definition
humerus
Term
Radius
Definition
shorter arm bone
Term
"ray"
Definition
radius
Term
"elbow, arm"
Definition
ulna
Term
Ulna
Definition
inner, larger bone of the forearm
Term
Spinal/Vertibral Column
Definition
consists of 33 bones: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral vertebrae, 4 coccygeal vertebrae
Term
"thorn", "joint"
Definition
spina, vertebra
Term
"breast, chest"
Definition
sternon
Term
Sternum
Definition
breastbone, consisting of 3 parts: manubrium, gladiolus, ensiform/xiphoid process
Term
Sacrum
Definition
triangular shaped bone of 5 vertebrae, forms base of vertebral column and posterior boundary of true pelvis
Term
"sacred"
Definition
sacer
Term
Coccyx
Definition
tailbone, small bone at base of spinal column formed by 4 vertebrae
Term
"cuckoo"
Definition
kokkux
Term
"pelvis"
Definition
pelis
Term
Pelvis/Hipbone
Definition
formed by innominate bones, sacrum, coccyx, and ligaments. Serves as support for vertebral column and articulation with lower limbs
Term
Ischium
Definition
socket of hip joint and hip in general. The bone on which one sits
Term
Femur
Definition
the thighbone, largest bone in human skeleton
Term
Tibia
Definition
shinbone, inner and larger leg bone between ankle and knee
Term
"flute, pipe"
Definition
tibia
Term
Patella
Definition
kneecap, kneepan
Term
"small, round dish"
Definition
patera
Term
Fibula
Definition
calf bone, one of longest and thinnest bones in body
Term
"to fasten", "broach, clasp"
Definition
"figo", "fibula"
Term
"wicker basket, crate"
Definition
tarsus
Term
Tarsus
Definition
ankle and 7 bones between lower leg bones and metatarsus: calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, first/second/third cuneiform bones
Term
Carpals
Definition
wrist bones. 8 bones forming a joint between hand and forearm
Term
"wrist", "draw up, whither"
Definition
karpos, karpho
Term
Metacarpals
Definition
part after the wrist
Term
Phalanges
Definition
toes, fingers
Term
"line fo battle, infantry"
Definition
phalanx
Term
abduction
Definition
movement AWAY from the body
Term
adduction
Definition
movement TOWARDS the body
Term
atrophy
Definition
wasting away
Term
bunion
Definition
inflammation, thickening of bursa of the joint of big toe
Term
cervicobrachial
Definition
pertaining to neck and arm
Term
cervicovesical
Definition
pertaining to cervix and bladder
Term
communited
Definition
fractures where the bone is crushed
Term
contracture
Definition
permanent contraction of muscle due to spasm or paralysis
Term
crepitus
Definition
crepitation: grating sound heard at the movement of ends of broken bones
Term
dorsiflexion
Definition
movement of joint bending it to the posterior aspect of the body: backwards bending
Term
fascia
Definition
fibrous membrane covering, supporting, separating muscles
Term
fascitis
Definition
inflammation of a fascia
Term
flexion
Definition
bending
Term
ganglion
Definition
cystic tumors on a tendon or aponeurosis
Term
hallux
Definition
big toe
Term
hallux valgus
Definition
hammertoe
Term
hypophosphatemia
Definition
below-normal phosphates in blood
Term
hypertrophy
Definition
increase in organ size without tumor formation
Term
interochanteric
Definition
fracture between the two trochanters of the femur
Term
keratosis
Definition
horny growth
Term
lordosis
Definition
abnormal anterior spine convexity
Term
lumbosacral
Definition
pertaining to lumbar vertebrae and sacrum
Term
orthopedic, orthopaedic
Definition
branch of medical science dealing with prevention of locomotor body disorders, especially skeletal, joint, fascia, and muscular
Term
palsy
Definition
temporary loss of sensation or loss of ability to control movement
Term
paralysis
Definition
similar to palsy
Term
paraplegia
Definition
paralysis of lower part of body, legs
Term
poliomyelitis
Definition
inflammation of grey spinal matter
Term
pronation
Definition
lying prone, facedown
Term
presthesis
Definition
artificial limb, organ. replacing with an artificial substitute
Term
quadriplegia
Definition
paralysis of all four limbs
Term
reduction
Definition
restoration to normal position
Term
rheumatoid
Definition
acute and chronic conditions with soreness, stiffness of muscles, pain in joints
Term
sacroiliac
Definition
pertaining to sacrum and ilium
Term
supination
Definition
lying supine, on the back
Term
subcutaneus
Definition
beneath the skin
Term
synovectomy
Definition
excision of synovial membrane
Term
synovial
Definition
pertaining to the lubricating fluid of joints
Term
synovitis
Definition
inflammation of synovial membrane
Term
syntonic
Definition
pertaining to even temperment and personality, normal responsiveness
Term
tendosynovitis
Definition
inflammation of tendon or tendon sheath
Term
tendinitis
Definition
inflammation of a tendon
Term
Pharynx
Definition
passageway from nasal cavity to larynx, from mouth to esophagus. Has three parts: nasal, oral, and laryngeal
Term
pharyng/o
Definition
pharynx
Term
Esophagus
Definition
muscular canal from pharynx to stomach.
Term
esophag/o
Definition
esophagus
Term
Salivary Glands
Definition
sublingual, submaxillary, parotid
Term
"to chew"
Definition
masticare
Term
masticate
Definition
to chew
Term
Gall Bladder
Definition
pear shaped sac on underside of liver, holds bile from the liver
Term
cholecyst/o
Definition
gallbladder
Term
Liver
Definition
site of metabolic functions and secretion of bile
Term
hepat/o
Definition
liver
Term
gastr/o, abdomin/o
Definition
stomach
Term
Duodenum
Definition
first part of small intestines connecting with pylorus and jejenum
Term
duoden/o
Definition
duodenum
Term
Pancreas
Definition
Secretes pancreatic juice, hormones including insulin and glucagon
Term
pancre/o
Definition
pancreas
Term
Jejunum
Definition
second portion of small intestines
Term
Ileum
Definition
lower three-fifths of jejunum
Term
jejun/o
Definition
jejunum
Term
ile/o
Definition
ileum
Term
Ileocecal Juncture
Definition
the point where the small intestines open into ascending colon
Term
Caecum
Definition
pouch which forms the first portion of large intestines at ileocecal juncture. contains appendix at lower end
Term
Colon
Definition
ascending, transverse, and descending colon. Conclude with rectum
Term
enter/o
Definition
intestines
Term
rect/o, proct/o, an/o
Definition
rectum
Term
anticholinergic
Definition
impeding actions, impulses of the fibers of parasympathetic nerves
Term
anorexia
Definition
loss of appetite
Term
anastomosis
Definition
formation of a passage between two distinct spaces or organs
Term
antrectomy
Definition
excision of the walls of an antrum
Term
alkalosis
Definition
increase in alkalinity of the body
Term
acidosis
Definition
disturbance in acid-base balance of the body
Term
achalasia
Definition
failure to relax muscles
Term
borborygmus
Definition
gurgling, splashing sound heard in large intestine as flatus passes
Term
cathartic
Definition
active purgative, usually causing several bowel movements
Term
defecation
Definition
evacuation of bowels
Term
dehiscence
Definition
bursting open, as an abdominal wound
Term
distention
Definition
state of being stretched out, inflated
Term
diverticulum
Definition
sac, pouch in walls of a canal or organ
Term
dyspepsia
Definition
imperfect digestion
Term
dysphagia
Definition
difficulty, inability to swallow
Term
edema
Definition
condition where body tissues contain excessive tissue fluid
Term
emesis
Definition
vomiting
Term
eructation
Definition
belching
Term
flatus
Definition
intestinal gas
Term
flatulence
Definition
excessive intestinal gas
Term
hyperemesis
Definition
excessive vomiting
Term
hyperemia
Definition
congestion
Term
hyperkalemia
Definition
excessive blood potassium
Term
hypernitremia
Definition
excessive nitrogen in blood
Term
hypokalemia
Definition
extreme potassium depletion
Term
hyponatremia
Definition
decreased blood sodium
Term
hypocalcemia
Definition
abnormally low blood calcium
Term
hypochondrac region
Definition
part of abdomen beneath lower ribs on both sides of epigastrium
Term
inguinal hernia
Definition
hernia in groin region
Term
intolerance
Definition
inability to endure/incapacity to bear pain, drug effects, or other substance
Term
jaundice
Definition
yellowness of skin, whiteness of eyes, mucous membranes and body fluids due to deposition of bile pigment
Term
lesion
Definition
injury, wound, or infected patch on the skin
Term
malaise
Definition
discomfort, uneasiness, indisposition, often a sign of disease
Term
malnutrition
Definition
lack of necessary, proper food substances in the body, or improper absorption/distribution of them
Term
megacolon
Definition
extremely dilated colon
Term
melena
Definition
evacuations resembling tar due to actions of intestinal juices on blood
Term
mucosal
Definition
concerning any mucous membrane
Term
necrotic
Definition
relating to death of a portion of tissue
Term
perirectal
Definition
extending around the rectum
Term
polymorphonuclear
Definition
possessing a nucleus with several parts or lobes connected by fine strands
Term
pruritus
Definition
severe itching
Term
pyloroplasty
Definition
operation to repair the pylorus
Term
pylorus
Definition
lower orifice of the stomach
Term
pyrosis
Definition
burning sensation in epigastric and sternal region with raising of acid liquid from the stomach
Term
reflux
Definition
return or backward flow
Term
steatorrhea
Definition
fatty stools as seen in pancreatic disease
Term
-rrhea
Definition
a flow
Term
tenesmus
Definition
spasmodic contraction of anal or vesicle sphincter with pain and persistent desire to empty the bowel or bladder, with involuntary, ineffectual straining efforts
Term
Lung
Definition
one of two cone-shaped spongy organs of respiration contained in pleural cavity
Term
pneumon/o, pneum/o, pne/o
Definition
lung
Term
Trachea
Definition
cartilaginous tube from larynx to bronchi, aka the windpipe
Term
trache/o
Definition
trachea
Term
Bronchus
Definition
one of two large branches of the trachea providing a passageway for air moving to and from the lungs. penetrate the lungs and terminate in bronchioles
Term
bronch/i, bronch/o
Definition
bronchus
Term
Thorax
Definition
part of the body between neck and diaphragm
Term
thorac/o
Definition
thorax
Term
Diaphragm
Definition
musculo-membranous wall separating the abdomen from the thoracic cavity.
Term
phren/o, diaphragm/o, diaphragmat/o
Definition
diaphragm
Term
analgesia
Definition
absence of normal sense of pain
Term
antitussive
Definition
agent that prevents coughing
Term
aphonia
Definition
inability to produce speech sounds from the larynx
Term
arthralgia
Definition
joint pain
Term
atelectasis
Definition
collapse or airless condition of the lung
Term
bradycardia
Definition
slow heart action
Term
cardiac palpitation
Definition
rapid, violent throbbing or fluttering of the heart
Term
convulsion
Definition
recurrence or intensification of involuntary muscular contractions and relaxations
Term
cyanosis
Definition
bluish, slatelike discoloration of skin due to reduced hemoglobin in blood
Term
dysphagia
Definition
difficulty/inability to swallow
Term
dilate
Definition
expand
Term
diaphoresis
Definition
profuse sweating
Term
emphysema
Definition
alveoli in lungs become distended or ruptured
Term
epistaxis
Definition
nosebleed
Term
expectorate
Definition
expel mucous or phlegm from throat or lungs
Term
febrile
Definition
feverish
Term
hemoptysis
Definition
expectoration of blood due to hemorrhage from larynx, bronchi, trachea, or lungs
Term
hepatosplenomegaly
Definition
enlargement of liver and spleen
Term
hyperventilation
Definition
hyperpnea, increased breathing
Term
hypotension
Definition
decrease of blood pressure, deficiency in tonus or tension
Term
hypoxia
Definition
anoxia, lack of oxygen in air
Term
intrathoratic
Definition
within the thorax
Term
lymphadenopathy
Definition
disease of the lymph nodes
Term
mediastinum
Definition
septum between two principal portions of an organ. The folds of the pleura and space between right and left lung
Term
oliguria
Definition
diminished urine formation
Term
peritonsillar abcess
Definition
Quinsy.
Term
serosanquinous
Definition
containing, of the nature of serum and blood
Term
sputum
Definition
substance obtained by clearing the throat, coughing
Term
stertorous
Definition
loud breathing, producing a snoring sound
Term
tachycardia
Definition
abdormal rapidity of heart action
Term
thrombus
Definition
blood clot
Term
tracheostomy
Definition
tracheotomy. cutting the trachea and creating an opening
Term
vasoconstriction
Definition
constriction of the blood vessels
Term
rhin/o
Definition
nose
Term
orthopnea
Definition
beathing discomfort unless in a sitting or standing position
Term
tachypnea
Definition
rapid breathing
Term
eupnea
Definition
normal, easy breathing
Term
pleurisy
Definition
inflammation of membrane enfolding lungs
Term
tracheorrhagia
Definition
tracheal hemorrhage
Term
rhoncus
Definition
rales, rattling
Term
ossicle
Definition
any small bone
Term
ossiferous
Definition
composed of, forming bone or bony tissue
Term
osteomyelitis
Definition
inflammation of bone (marrow)
Term
osteosarcoma
Definition
malignant bone cancer
Term
osteuncus
Definition
bone tumor
Term
osteopathy
Definition
any bone disease
Term
ostitis
Definition
inflammation of bone
Term
osteosclerosis
Definition
hardening of bone
Term
osteoporosis
Definition
increased porosity of bone
Term
osteoarthritis
Definition
chronic disease involving the joints
Term
osteoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of bone
Term
osteorrhapy
Definition
suture, wiring of bone (fragments)
Term
osteostixis
Definition
theraputic puncture of bone
Term
osteotomy
Definition
operation cutting through a bone
Term
rachigraph
Definition
device for outlining curves in the spine
Term
rachiometer
Definition
device for measuring spine curvature
Term
rachiotome
Definition
instrument for cutting through vertebrae
Term
spondylalgia
Definition
painful vertebral condition
Term
spondylitis
Definition
inflammation of one or more vertebrae
Term
spondylosis
Definition
breaking down of vertebral structure
Term
spondylopathy
Definition
any vertebral disorder
Term
rachialgia
Definition
pain in the spine
Term
rachitis
Definition
inflammation of the spine/ rickets
Term
rachioplegia
Definition
paralysis of the spine
Term
rachioscoliosis
Definition
spinal curvature
Term
rachiotomy
Definition
cutting of spinal cord
Term
spondylotherapy
Definition
spinal therapy
Term
spondylotomy
Definition
surgical cutting of vertebral canal/ rachiotomy
Term
arthragra
Definition
acute joint pain
Term
arthralgia
Definition
joint pain
Term
arthritis
Definition
joint inflammation
Term
arthredema
Definition
joint swelling
Term
arthrocele
Definition
hernia of synovial membrane (lubricating fluid for joint)
Term
arthrogryposis
Definition
persistent contracture of a joint
Term
arthruncus
Definition
joint tumor
Term
arthropathy
Definition
any joint disease
Term
arthrosynovitis
Definition
inflammation of synovial membrane of a joint
Term
arthrectomy
Definition
excision of a joint
Term
arthroclasia
Definition
artificial breaking of a joint to provide movement
Term
arthrolysis
Definition
restoring movement to a fixed/bent (anyloid) joint
Term
arthrostomy
Definition
formation of temporary opening in a joint for drainage purposes
Term
arthrotomy
Definition
cutting into a joint
Term
anylo/o
Definition
bent
Term
myoid
Definition
resembling a muscle
Term
myokinesis
Definition
muscle movements
Term
myitis
Definition
inflammation of muscle
Term
myocarditis
Definition
inflammation of the myocardium
Term
myocele
Definition
muscle herniation
Term
myocelialgia
Definition
abdominal muscle pain
Term
myoclonia
Definition
intermittent muscle spasm
Term
myocolpitis
Definition
inflammation of vaginal muscles
Term
myodiastasis
Definition
muscle division
Term
myoma
Definition
muscle tumor
Term
myoplegia
Definition
muscle paralysis
Term
myorrhexis
Definition
muscle rupture
Term
chondrocostal
Definition
pertaining to rib cartilage
Term
chondrogenesis
Definition
formation of cartilage
Term
chondroid
Definition
resembling cartilage
Term
chondrolysis
Definition
breaking down, absorption of cartilage
Term
chondralgia
Definition
pain in/around cartilage
Term
chondromalacia
Definition
softness of cartilage
Term
chondroporosis
Definition
porous condition of cartilage
Term
chondroma
Definition
cartilaginous tumor
Term
chondralloplasia
Definition
presence of cartilage in abnormal places
Term
chondritis
Definition
inflammation of cartilage
Term
chondrectomy
Definition
excision of cartilage
Term
chondroplasty
Definition
surgical repair of cartilage
Term
chondrotomy
Definition
dissection of cartilage
Term
myograph
Definition
device for tracing movements caused by muscle contraction
Term
myoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of muscle
Term
myorrhapy
Definition
suture of muscle
Term
myotenotomy
Definition
division of muscle tendon
Term
myotomy
Definition
division/dissection of muscle
Term
hy/o
Definition
hyoid
Term
Hyoid Bone
Definition
U-shaped bone between the base of the tongue and the larynx. AKA lingual bone
Term
spondyl/o, rachi/o, vertebr/o
Definition
vertebra
Term
malar
Definition
malar, relating to malar bone
Term
burs/o
Definition
bursa
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