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Medical Terminology Chapter 1 Word Roots
Word Roots
126
Medical
Undergraduate 2
08/30/2013

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Term
abdomin/o
Definition
abdomen
Term
acoust/o
Definition
pertaining to sound or hearing example: acoustics
Term
aden/o
Definition
gland
lymphadenitis=inflammation of lymph nodes (swollen lymph glands)
Term
adip/o
Definition
fat
Term
angi/o
Definition
a vessel (usually a blood or lymphatic vessel) or something within a vessel example: angioplasty=surgical repair of a vessel
Term
anter/o


arthr/o joint
Definition
front
Term
ankyl/o
Definition
crooked, bent; fusion or growing together
Term
arteri/o
Definition
related to an artery
Term
ather/o
Definition
from Greek athere (porridge); usually refers to lumpy or fatty build-up
Term
bifid/o
Definition
cleft into 2 parts example: spina bifida=a congenital open spine defect
Term
burs/o
Definition
refers to bursa, the cushioning sacs inside joints
Term
carcin/o
Definition
refers to cancer
carcinogenic=cancer-causing
Term
cardi/o, card/o
Definition
heart
Term
cephal/o
Definition
head
Term
chem/o
Definition
chemistry
Term
chir/o
Definition
hand
chiromegaly=enlargement of the hands, wrists, ankles
Term
chondr/o
Definition
cartilage
chondritis=inflammation of cartilage
Term
col/o, colon/o
Definition
colon (part of gastrointestinal system) colitis=inflammation of colon
Term
colp/o
Definition
vagina
Term
cost/o
Definition
rib
costalgia=rib pain
Term
crin/o
Definition
secretion
crinogenic=causing secretion
Term
crani/o
Definition
skull
Term
cutane/o
Definition
skin; synonym is "dermal" or "integumentary"
subcutaneous=under the skin
Term
cyan/o
Definition
dark blue
cyanosis=bluish coloring of skin caused by oxygen deprivation
Term
cyst/o
Definition
relating to a bladder cystitis=inflammation of urinary bladder
Term
cyt/o
Definition
relating to a cell
Term
dent/o
Definition
tooth, teeth
Term
derm/o, dermat/o
Definition
skin
Term
encephal/o
Definition
brain
encephalitis=inflammation of brain
Term
enter/o
Definition
intestine
gastroenteritis=inflammation of stomach (gastro) & intestine
Term
episi/o
Definition
vulva
example: episiotomy
Term
erythr/o
Definition
red
example: erythema=redness, usually with swelling; erythalgia=painful redness of skin
Term
esophag/o
Definition
esophagus esophagitis=inflammation of esophagus
Term
fasci/o
Definition
"a band," often refers to a sheath around something
Term
gastr/o
Definition
stomach
gastralgia=stomach pain
Term
geront/o
Definition
old; gerontology=study of aging and diseases of old age
Term
gonad/o
Definition
refers to sex organ gonadopathy=any disease condition of sexual organs
Term
gynec/o
Definition
referring to women; gynecology=study of women's diseases
Term
hem/o
Definition
blood; hemopoiesis=formation of blood
Term
hemat/o
Definition
blood
Term
hepat/o
Definition
liver; hepatitis=liver inflammation
Term
hidr/o
Definition
sweat; hidradenitis=inflammation of sweat glands
Term
hist/o
Definition
tissue;
histiogenic=formed by the tissues
Term
hyster/o
Definition
womb; hysterectomy=surgical removal of the uterus (the womb)
Term
ile/o
Definition
intestine; ileitis=inflammation of the ileum (section of intestine)
Term
ili/o
Definition
groin, flank; example: ilium (one of the bones of the pelvis)
Term
immun/o
Definition
"safe";
immunization: making someone safe (by vaccination against a disease)
Term
inguin/o
Definition
groin; inguinodynia=groin pain
Term
lamin/o
Definition
"thin plate"; laminated=arranged in layers or plates (laminae)
Term
lapar/o
Definition
flank, abdomen; laparocele=abdominal hernia
Term
laryng/o
Definition
larynx;
laryngocentesis=puncture of larynx
Term
leuk/o
Definition
white;
leukemia=cancer of the blood affected white blood cells
Term
ligament/o
Definition
ligament
Term
lip/o
Definition
fat; liposoluble=soluble in fat
Term
lith/o
Definition
stone;
lithodialysis=dissolution or fragmentation of stone-like deposits by a solvent (as when kidney stones or gall stones are dissolved)
Term
lymph/o
Definition
lymph
Term
mamm/o
Definition
breast; mammogram
Term
mast/o
Definition
breast ; mastitis=inflammation of breast; mastectomy=surgical removal of breast tissue
Term
melan/o
Definition
black; melanoma=a form of skin cancer in which the tumor usually has dark patches
Term
mening/o
Definition
membrane (often of brain or spinal column;) meningocele=hernia of membrane
Term
metr/o, metri/o
Definition
uterus;
metralgia=pain in uterus
Term
men/o
Definition
month; menopause=stoppage of monthly cycle
Term
my/o
Definition
muscle; myectomy=surgical removal of muscle tissue
Term
myc/o
Definition
fungus; mycosis=disease condition caused by a fungus
Term
myel/o
Definition
"marrow"; can refer to EITHER (1) bone marrow OR (2) spinal cord examples: myelomeningocele=hernia of spinal column and its covering membrane ; myelopoiesis=development of bone marrow or its cells
Term
muscul/o
Definition
muscle
Term
nas/o
Definition
nose; nasoplasty=surgical repair (often cosmetic surgery) of the nose
Term
nat/o
Definition
birth; postnatal=after birth
Term
nephr/o
Definition
kidney; nephralgia=kidney pain
Term
neur/o
Definition
nerve; neuralgia=nerve pain
Term
nucle/o
Definition
"kernal"
Term
obstetr/o
Definition
referring to a midwife; example: obstetrics
Term
ocu/o
Definition
eye; oculomotor=related to eye movements
Term
onc/o
Definition
"bulk, mass"; often refers to cancerous tumors; oncogenic=giving rise to tumors
Term
oophor/o
Definition
"bearing eggs"; oophoralgia=pain in an ovary
Term
ophthalm/o
Definition
eye
Term
opt/o
Definition
related to the eye; example: optic nerve
Term
or/o
Definition
mouth ; example: oral
Term
organ/o
Definition
organ
Term
orth/o
Definition
straight, right; upright; orthopnea=condition in which a person must sit or stand upright to be able to breathe
Term
orch/o, orchid/o
Definition
testicle
Term
oste/o, oss/e, oss/i
Definition
bone; example: ostealgia (also spelled "ostalgia")=bone pain
Term
ot/o
Definition
ear; otitis=ear inflammation
Term
ovari/o
Definition
ovary
Term
pancreat/o
Definition
related to the pancreas; pancreatectomy=surgical removal of pancreas
Term
parasit/o
Definition
referring to parasites; parasitosis=condition caused by infestation with parasites
Term
pariet/o
Definition
"wall"; usually refers to a separating "wall" of membrane or bone plate
Term
ped/o, pedi/a
Definition
; pediatrics=medical specialty of diseases and treatment of children
Term
ped/i, pod/o
Definition
pedestrian=one who travels on foot; podiatrist=doctor specializing in foot problems
Term
pelv/o
Definition
pelvis
Term
periton/o
Definition
referring to the peritoneum
Term
pharyng/o
Definition
referring to the pharynx
Term
phleb/o
Definition
vein phlebitis=inflammation of a vein
Term
pineal/o
Definition
related to the pineal gland
Term
pituit/o
Definition
related to the pituitary gland or body
Term
pneum/o, pneumon/o
Definition
lung
Term
proct/o
Definition
anus; proctology: medical speciality involving diseases of the rectum
Term
prot/o
Definition
"first"
Term
psych/o
Definition
mind
Term
pulm/o, pulmon/o
Definition
lung
Term
pyel/o, py/o
Definition
pelvis (usually of the kidney)
Term
ren/o
Definition
kidney; example: renal failure
Term
rhin/o
Definition
nose; rhinitis=nasal inflammation
Term
sarc/o
Definition
"flesh"; sarcoma=cancer arising from connective tissue such as muscle
Term
scoli/o
Definition
"twisted"; example: scoliosis
Term
seb/o
Definition
"tallow"; referring to oil produced by glands in the skin
Term
somat/o
Definition
body
Term
splen/o
Definition
related to the spleen
Term
spondyl/o
Definition
vertebra; spondylalgia=pain in a vertebra
Term
synovi/o
Definition
joint fluid
Term
ten/o, tendin/o
Definition
tendon
Term
thorac/o
Definition
chest; example: thoracic cavity
Term
thym/o
Definition
referring to thymus gland
Term
thyroid/o
Definition
referring to thyroid gland
Term
tonsill/o
Definition
referring to tonsils
Term
trache/o
Definition
referring to the trachea
Term
tympan/o
Definition
referring to a membrane, often the membrane of the "eardrum"
Term
umbilic/o
Definition
umbilicus (navel)
Term
ur/o
Definition
urine; anuria=no production of urine
Term
ureter/o
Definition
referring to a ureter
Term
urethr/o
Definition
referring to the urethra
Term
vagin/o
Definition
referring to the vagina
Term
ven/o
Definition
referring to a vein
Term
ventr/o
Definition
belly
Term
vesic/o
Definition
referring to a vessel
Term
viscer/o
Definition
referring to the internal organs (the "guts" or viscera)
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