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Medical Terminology Ch. 5
The Skeletal System
134
Medical
Professional
10/06/2015

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Term
amphi- (prefix)
Definition
both sides
Term
ankyl/o (root)
Definition
stiff, fused, closed
Term
arthr/o (root)
Definition
joint
Term
brachi/o (root)
Definition
arm
Term
calcane/o (root)
Definition
calcaneus, heel bone
Term
carp/o (root)
Definition
wrist
Term
cervic/o (root)
Definition
neck
Term
cheir/o (root)
Definition
hand
Term
chondr/o (root)
Definition
cartilage
Term
cost/o (root)
Definition
rib
Term
crani/o (root)
Definition
cranium
Term
dactyl/o (root)
Definition
finger, toe
Term
-desis (suffix)
Definition
stabilize or fuse
Term
femur/o (root)
Definition
femur, thighbone
Term
humer/o (root)
Definition
humerus, upper arm bone
Term
kinesi/o, -kinesia (root/suffix)
Definition
movement
Term
kyph/o (root)
Definition
hump
Term
lord/o (root)
Definition
swayback, curve
Term
lumb/o (root)
Definition
lower back
Term
myel/o (root)
Definition
bone marrow
Term
orth/o (root)
Definition
correct, straight
Term
os/te/o (root)
Definition
bone
Term
ped/o (root)
Definition
foot, child
Term
pelv/o (root)
Definition
pelvis
Term
phalang/o (root)
Definition
bones of the fingers and toes
Term
-physis (suffix)
Definition
to grow
Term
spondyl/o, vertebr/o (root)
Definition
vertebrae
Term
syn- (prefix)
Definition
joined together
Term
thorac/o (root)
Definition
thorax, chest
Term
zygo- (prefix)
Definition
joined (yoked) together
Term
abduction (term)
Definition
movement away from the midline of the body
Term
adduction (term)
Definition
movement toward the midline of the body
Term
circumduction (term)
Definition
movement in a circular direction from a central point
Term
dorsiflexion (term)
Definition
backward bending as of the hand or foot
Term
eversion (term)
Definition
turning outward
Term
extension (term)
Definition
movement that brings the limb into a straight position
Term
flexion (term)
Definition
bending or being bent
Term
inversion (term)
Definition
turning inward
Term
plantar flexion (term)
Definition
bending the sole of the foot or pointing the toes downward
Term
pronation (term)
Definition
to turn downward or backward as with the hand or foot
Term
rotation (term)
Definition
moving around a central axis
Term
supination (term)
Definition
turning the palm or foot upward
Term
hairline fracture (term)
Definition
break without separation
Term
closed fracture (term)
Definition
simple fracture with no open wound
Term
Colles fracture (term)
Definition
break in the distal end of the radius (wrist)
Term
comminuted fracture (term)
Definition
break in which the bone is crushed or splintered
Term
compression fracture (term)
Definition
fracture or break caused by a squeezing or opposing force; loss of height in a vertebra due to disease or trauma
Term
greenstick fracture (term)
Definition
incomplete break; one side of the bone is broken and the other is bent
Term
impacted fracture (term)
Definition
break where one bone fragment is pushed or driven into another
Term
oblique fracture (term)
Definition
break is at an angle to the bone
Term
open fracture (term)
Definition
skin is broken through the fracture; bone protrudes through the skin
Term
Pott fracture (term)
Definition
fracture of the distal end of the fibula
Term
spiral fracture (term)
Definition
break is S-shaped, usually caused by twisting injury
Term
transverse fracture (term)
Definition
break is straight across the bone at a right angle to the long axis of the bone
Term
amphiarthrosis (term)
Definition
joint with little movement
Term
appendicular (term)
Definition
having to do with something attached
Term
axial (term)
Definition
straight line through a physical body
Term
brachial (term)
Definition
having to do with an arm
Term
bursa (term)
Definition
saclike connective structure found in some joints; protects moving parts from friction
Term
calcaneus (term)
Definition
the heel bone
Term
carpal (term)
Definition
a wrist bone
Term
cartilage (term)
Definition
dense flexible connective tissue
Term
cervical (term)
Definition
adjective describing the vertebrae in the neck region; also used in connection with the uterus
Term
cervix (term)
Definition
neck
Term
chondrogenesis (term)
Definition
formation of cartilage
Term
chondroid (term)
Definition
resembling cartilage
Term
clavicle (term)
Definition
the collarbone
Term
coccyx (term)
Definition
the tailbone, made up of the four fused vertebrae at the base of the spinal column
Term
cranial bones (term)
Definition
collectively, the frontal bone, the parietal bones, the temporal bones, and the occipital bone
Term
diaphysis (term)
Definition
shaft of the long bone
Term
diarthrosis (term)
Definition
synonym for synovial joint
Term
endosteum (term)
Definition
inner membrane layer of the bone
Term
epiphysis (term)
Definition
end of the long bone
Term
femur (term)
Definition
thighbone
Term
fibula (term)
Definition
the lateral leg bone
Term
frontal bone (term)
Definition
one of the six main cranial bones
Term
humerus (term)
Definition
the long bone extending from the shoulder to the elbow
Term
ilium (term)
Definition
one of the three bones fused together to form the hip bone
Term
ischium (term)
Definition
one of the three bones fused together to form the hip bone
Term
lumbar (term)
Definition
adjective describing the vertebrae (L1-L5) in the lower spinal column
Term
malleolus (term)
Definition
bony protrusion on either side of the ankle (medial and lateral)
Term
mandible (term)
Definition
the lower jawbone
Term
maxilla (term)
Definition
the bone above the upper teeth
Term
medullary cavity (term)
Definition
bone marrow cavity
Term
metacarpal (term)
Definition
one of the five bones extending from the wrist to the first knuckle in each hand
Term
metatarsals (term)
Definition
the bones between the tarsals and the phalanges of the foot
Term
os coxae (term)
Definition
hip bone
Term
ossification (term)
Definition
bone formation
Term
osteocytes (term)
Definition
mature bone cells
Term
osteogenesis (term)
Definition
formation of bone
Term
patella (term)
Definition
kneecap
Term
pectoral girdle (term)
Definition
the shoulder girdle
Term
periosteum (term)
Definition
membrane that surrounds the outside of the bone
Term
phalanges (term)
Definition
fingers
Term
pubis (term)
Definition
one of the three bones fused together to form the hip bone
Term
radius (term)
Definition
one of the two bones extending from the elbow to the wrist
Term
sacrum (term)
Definition
bone formed from five vertebrae fused together near the base of the spinal column
Term
scapula (term)
Definition
the shoulder blade
Term
sternum (term)
Definition
the breastbone
Term
suture (term)
Definition
in the skeletal system, a fibrous membrane joining bones, especially the cranial bones
Term
synarthrosis (term)
Definition
joint with no movement
Term
talus (term)
Definition
the bone in the ankle that articulates with the tibia and fibula
Term
tarsals (term)
Definition
the bones of the sole of the foot
Term
tarsus (term)
Definition
instep or sole of the foot; collectively, the seven bones making up the bottom of the foot
Term
tibia (term)
Definition
shin bone
Term
ulna (term)
Definition
one of the two bones extending from the elbow to the wrist
Term
vertebra (term)
Definition
one of the 33 segments making up the spinal column
Term
xiphoid process (term)
Definition
bony, daggerlike structure at the lower end of the sternum
Term
zygomatic process (term)
Definition
cheek bone
Term
arthrocele (term)
Definition
swelling of a joint
Term
arthrochondritis (term)
Definition
inflammation of cartilage in a joint
Term
arthrosis (term)
Definition
disintegration of a joint
Term
bursitis (term)
Definition
inflammation of a bursa
Term
carpal tunnel syndrome (term)
Definition
condition characterized by wrist pain, often occurring during sleep
Term
chondrosarcoma (term)
Definition
malignant tumor arising from the cartilage
Term
costalgia (term)
Definition
pain in a rib
Term
herniated disc (term)
Definition
protrusion of a fragmented intervertebral disc in the intervertebral foramen with potential compression of a nerve
Term
kyphosis (term)
Definition
humpback; anteriorly concave curvature of the thoracic and sacral region of the spin
Term
lordosis (term)
Definition
swayback; abnormal anteriorly convex curvature of the lumbar part of the spine
Term
osteopenia (term)
Definition
abnormally low bone density
Term
osteosarcoma (term)
Definition
highly malignant tumor of the bone
Term
rickets (term)
Definition
disease due to vitamin D deficiency characterized by deficient calcification and soft bones associated with skeletal deformities
Term
scoliosis (term)
Definition
lateral curvature of the spine
Term
sprain (term)
Definition
injury to a ligament
Term
orthopedics (term)
Definition
the medical specialty concerned with the development, preservation, restoration, and function of the musculoskeletal system
Term
rheumatology (term)
Definition
field of specialty that deals with joints and connective tissue disorders
Term
arthrocentesis (term)
Definition
removing fluid from a joint
Term
arthroscopy (term)
Definition
examination of the interior of a joint
Term
myelogram (term)
Definition
X-ray of the spinal column using contrast medium
Term
reduction (term)
Definition
correcting a fracture by realigning the bone pieces
Term
traction (term)
Definition
using elastics or pulley and weights to maintain alignment; a pulling or dragging force exerted on a limb in a distal direction
Term
arthrotomy (term)
Definition
surgical incision into a joint
Term
osteorrhaphy (term)
Definition
suturing together the parts of a broken bone
Term
carpectomy (term)
Definition
excision of part of the wrist
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