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Medical Terminology
Medical Terminology Ch. 2 Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole
161
Medical
Undergraduate 1
02/10/2015
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Term
Structural Organization of the Body
 Definition
 CELLS
 TISSUES
 ORGANS
 Systems
Term
Cells
 Definition
Fundamental unit fundamental unit
of all living things
Term
Major parts of a cell include
 Definition
 chromosomes  nucleus  cell membrane  cytoplasm
Term
Different tissue types include:
 Definition
 Epithelial Tissue  Muscle Tissue  Connective Tissue  Nerve Tissue
Term
What are organs?
 Definition
Groups of working together
Term
Cranial
 Definition
Brain
Term
Thoratic
 Definition
Lungs and Heart
Term
Abdominal
 Definition
Stomach, small and large intestines, spleen and pancreas
Term
Pelvic
 Definition
Portions of the small and large intestines, bladder, rectum
Term
Spinal
 Definition
Nerves of the spinal cord
Term
What are Body Cavities?
 Definition
Body cavities are the spaces within the body that contain internal organs (viscera)
Term

Organs of the Abdominopelvic Cavity

 Definition
 Stomach,liver, pancreas, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys, and most of the small and large intestines. It also contains the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs
Term

Abdominopelvic Regions

 Definition
[image]
Term

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

 Definition
[image]
Term
Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants
 Definition

Regions

Hypochondriac regions (right and left)

Epigastric region

Lumbar regions (right and left)

Umbilical region

Inguinal regions (right and left)

Hypogastric region 
Term
Quadrants
 Definition

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

Right lower quadrant (RLQ)

Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
Term
Anatomical Divisions of the Back
 Definition

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacral

Coccygeal 
Term
Positional and Directional Terms
 Definition

Anterior (ventral)

Posterior (dorsal)

Deep

 Superficial

Proximal

Distal

Inferior

Superior
Term
Positions, Directions, and Planes of the Body
 Definition

Medial

Lateral

Supine

Prone
Term
Planes of the Body
 Definition

Frontal (coronal)

Sagittal (lateral)

Transverse (cross Transverse (cross-sectional or axial) 
Term
abdomin/o
 Definition
abdomen
Term
adip/o
 Definition
fat
Term
anter/o
 Definition
front
Term
What are Systems?
 Definition
One or more organs working together
Term
The Body Cavities
 Definition

Cranial

Thoratic

Abdominal

Pelvic

Spinal
Term
Thoratic Cavity Organs
 Definition
The chest; contains trachea, bronchi, lungs, esophagus, heart and great blood vessels, thymus gland, lymph nodes, and nerves
Term
Chondr/o
 Definition
Cartilage
Term
Chrom/o
 Definition
Color
Term
Hist/o
 Definition
Tissue
Term
ili/o
 Definition
ilium (of pelvic bone)
Term
inguin/o
 Definition
Groin
Term
Kary/o
 Definition
nucleus
Term
ilium
 Definition
part of the pelvis
Term
ileum
 Definition
small intestine
Term
Myel/o
 Definition
Spinal Cord or bone Marrow
Term
Myc/o
 Definition
Fungus
Term
My/o
 Definition
Muscle
Term
Pre-
 Definition
Before
Term
Pro-
 Definition
Before
Term
Per-
 Definition
Through
Term
-tomy
 Definition
Cut into
Term
-tome
 Definition
Instrument to cut
Term
-stomy
 Definition
Surgical Opening
Term
-ectomy
 Definition
Surgical Removal
Term
-gram
 Definition
Written record or picture
Term
-graph
 Definition
Instrument
Term
-graphy
 Definition
Process
Term
-scope
 Definition
Instrument to view
Term
-scopy
 Definition
process
Term
Hyper-
 Definition
Excessive, Increased
Term
Hypo-
 Definition
Deficient, Decreased
Term
Brady-
 Definition
Abnormally Slow
Term
Tachy-
 Definition
Abnormally Fast
Term
Inter-
 Definition
Between
Term
Intra-
 Definition
Within
Term
Mamm/o
Mast/o
 Definition
Breast
Term
Ren/o
Nephr/o
 Definition
Kidney
Term
Lingu/o
Gloss/o
 Definition
Tongue
Term
Nas/o
Rhin/o
 Definition
Nose
Term
Sign
 Definition
Objective, can be seen
Term
Symptom
Sx
S/Sx
 Definition
Subjective, felt by patient
Term
Diasnosis
 Definition
Identify a disease
Term
Syndrome
 Definition
Disease Process
Term
-rrhage
-rrhagia
 Definition
Bleeding
Term
-rrhaphy
 Definition
Suturing
Term
-rrhea
 Definition
Flow
Term
-rrhexis
 Definition
Rupture or breaking
Term
Ortho
 Definition
Straight
Term
Ped
 Definition
Child
Term
Ist
 Definition
specialist
Term
Osteo
 Definition
Bone
Term
Pathy
 Definition
Disease Specialist
Term
TKA
TKR
 Definition
Total Knee Atheroplasty
Total Knee Replacement
Term
THA
THR
 Definition
Total Hip Atheroplasty
Total Hip Replacement
Term
Hematopoiesis
 Definition
Blood Formation/Production
Term
Kyphosis
 Definition
Hunchback
Term
Lordosis
 Definition
Swayback
Term
Scoliosis
 Definition
Sideways Curve
Term
-plegia
 Definition
Paralysis
Term
-paresis
 Definition
Weakness
Term
Para/plegia
 Definition
Paralysis of the legs and lower body
Term
Hemi/plegia
 Definition
Paralysis of one side of the body
Term
Quadra/plegia
 Definition
Paralysis of all 4 limbs
Term
Hemi/paresis
 Definition
Paralysis of half the body
Term
Ca
 Definition
Calcium
Term
CTS
 Definition
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Term
DJD
 Definition
Degenerative Joint Disease
Term
LLE
 Definition
Left Lower Extremity
Term
LUE
 Definition
Left Upper Extremity
Term
NSAID
 Definition
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug
Term
NWB
 Definition
Non Weight Bearing
Term
OA
 Definition
Osteoartheritis
Term
ORIF
 Definition
Open Reduction Internal Fixation
Term
PROM
 Definition
Passive Range of Motion
Term
RA
 Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Term
RLE
 Definition
Right Lower Extremity
Term
RUE
 Definition
Right Upper Extremity
Term
ROM
 Definition
Range of Motion
Term
TMJ
 Definition
Temporomandibular Joint
Term
FMS
 Definition
Fibromyalgia Syndrome
Term
RSD
 Definition
Repetitive Stress Disorder
Term
PT
 Definition
Physical Therapy
Term
OT
 Definition
Occupational Therapy
Term
ADL
 Definition
Activities of Daily Life
Term
Stomat/o
 Definition
Mouth
Term
Bucc/o
 Definition
Cheeks
Term
Chelo/o
Labi/o
 Definition
Lips
Term
Palat/o
 Definition
Hard/Soft Palate
Term
Uvul/o
 Definition
Uvula
Term
Gingiv/o
 Definition
Gums
Term
Tonsill/o
 Definition
Tonsils
Term
Dent/o Dent/i
 Definition
Teeth
Term
Mastication
 Definition
Chewing
Term
Pharung/o
 Definition
Pharynx
Term
Eructatio
 Definition
Belching
Term
Gastr/o
 Definition
Stomach
Term
N/V
 Definition
Nausea and Vomiting
Term
Enter/o
 Definition
Small Intestine
Term
Duoden/o
 Definition
Duodenum
First 12" of small intestine
Term
Pancreat/o
 Definition
Pancreas
Term
Hepat/o
 Definition
Liver
Term
Cholecyst/o
 Definition
Gall Bladder
Term
Lith/o
 Definition
Stone
Term
Choledch/o
 Definition
Common Bile Duct
Term
Jejon/o
 Definition
Jejunum
2nd part of the small intestine
Term
Ile/o
 Definition
Ileum
Longest part of the small intestin
Term
Col/o
Colon/o
Sigmoid/o
 Definition
Colon
Sigmoid Colon
Term
Rect/o
Proct/o
 Definition
Rectum
Term
Proct/o
An/o
 Definition
Anus
Term
BM
 Definition
Bowel Movement
Term
Emesis
 Definition
Vomiting
Term
GI
 Definition
Gastrointestinal
Term
GERD
 Definition
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Term
BRBPR
 Definition
Bright Red Blood Per Rectum
Term
IBS
 Definition
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Term
NG Tube
 Definition
Naso/gastric tube
Term
G Tube
 Definition
Gastro/stomy tube
Term
UGI
 Definition
Upper Gastrointestinal
Term
OP
 Definition
Ova and Prostate
Term
PUD
 Definition
Ulcer
Term
ac
 Definition
Before Meals
Term
PC
 Definition
After Meals
Term
Xero
 Definition
Dry
Term
WBC
 Definition
White Blood Cells
Term
RBC
 Definition
Red Blood Cells
Term
Ca
 Definition
Cancer
Term
A, Ab
 Definition
Antibody
Term
MMR
MMRV
 Definition
Measels, Mumps, Rubella, Varicella
Term
AG, Ag
 Definition
Antigen
Term
DCIS
 Definition
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Term
ALND
 Definition
Axillary Lymph Node Dissection
Term
IBC
 Definition
Inflammatory Breast Disease
Term
VSZ
 Definition
Varicella
Term
Axill/ary
 Definition
Arm Pit
Term
Inguin/al
 Definition
Groin
Term
Lytic
 Definition
Destroy
Term
Hem/o
 Definition
Blood
Term
Benign
 Definition
Non Cancerous
Term
Malignant
 Definition
Cancerous
Term
Metastasis
 Definition
New site resulting from spreading cancer
Term
Metastasize
 Definition
Process of spreading cancer
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