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| enlargement or stretching |
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| external opening of a canal |
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| absence of urine formation by the kidneys |
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| toxic condition caused by excess urea and waste prods in blood |
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| sudden onset; char by uremia; can be fatal caused by drop in blood vol or pressure due to surgery or injury |
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| progressive loss of renal function; cause by kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension |
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| late stages of chronic r.f. irreversible damage w/o transplant fatal |
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| high levels of protein are lost in urine, low levels of protein in the blood. result of glomeruli damage |
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| degenerative kid disease which causes nephrotic syndrome WITHOUT inflam |
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| Characteristics of Kidney Malfunction Disease |
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| edema, hyperproteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia |
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| kid disease; degenerative and inflammatory diseases |
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| char by hyperproteinuria; glomeruli become thickened and hardened b/c of diabetes |
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| dilation(swelling) of kidneys; results in obstruc of urine flow |
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| type of nephritis that mainly involves the glomeruli |
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| floating kidney; downward displacement of a kidney |
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| Polycystic kidney disease |
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| inherited disease; kids enlarge b/c of cysts |
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| inflam of renal pelvis of the kidney |
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| acute pain cause by a stone that is blocking urine flow |
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| spasmodic pains in the abdomen |
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| stone; urinary stones form when waste products in urine crystalize |
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| disorder char by presence of stones |
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| ureter is block and stretched b/c urine is backed up |
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| discharge of blood from ureter |
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| narrowing of ureter caused by stricture due to scar tissue (usually men) |
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| abnormal band of tissue narrowing a body passage |
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| chronic inflam w/i walls of bladder (doesn't respond to traditional treatment) |
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| fallen bladder; hernia of bladder through vaginal wall |
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| UTI (urinary tract infections) |
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| usually begin in bladder; mostly women b/c urethra is close to rectum and vagina |
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| abnormal opening b/w the bladder and vagina |
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| abnormal discharge from the urethra |
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| stricture or narrowing of urethra |
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| congenital abnormality of the urethral opening(male-opens on top; female-opens near clitoris) |
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| congenital abnorm of urethra (male-opens below; female-opens into vag) |
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| congenital abnorm in men-urethra opens on the side |
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| increased urine excretion |
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| difficult/painful urination associated w/ UTI |
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| invol discharge of urine (nocturnal enuresis - bed wetting) |
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| increased output of urine |
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| excessive urination at night |
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| difficulty in staring stream; shy bladder; enlarged prostate |
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| inability to empty bladder; enlarged prostate |
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| inability to control bladder |
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| urinary; stress; overactive bladder (urge incontinence) |
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| unable to hold bladder when laughing, sneezing, coughing, etch |
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| detrusor muscle is too active. (urinary freq, urgency, accidental urin due to sudden unstoppable need to urinate) |
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| exam for urine to check for abnorm elements |
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| this procedure is done when a sterile specimen is needed |
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| visual exam of bladder using cystoscope; ex. to remove tumors |
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| Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) / Excretory Urography |
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| rad study of kidneys and ureters. contrast medium is used to see structures |
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| Computerized tomography (CT Scan) |
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| uses xray beams to produce cross-section of bladder |
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| rad study of these strucs with a contrast med; also refers to flat-plate of the abdomen |
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| radiograph of urin sys done after dye has been place in urethra and made to flow backwards through tract |
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| NOTE: STUDY DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES OF URINARY SYSTEM |
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| meds that increase urine secretion; rids body of excess Na and H20 |
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| proc removes waste from blood for pt whose kidneys don't func |
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| hemodialysis (HD) & peritoneal |
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| setting free, destruction, separation |
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| filters waste directly from pt blood |
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| peritoneal cavity acts as filter to remove waste. used in renal failure and poisonings |
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| freeing a kidney from adhesions |
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| band of fibers that hold struc together abnormally |
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| surgical fixation of a floating kidney |
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| creating an opening b/w renal pelvis and the exterior of the body; allows fluid from hydronephrosis to bypass ureters |
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| surgical repair of renal pelvis |
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| surgical incision into renal pelvis |
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| Lithotripsy/Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy |
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| destruc of stone by high-energy ultrasonic waves; fragments come out through urine |
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| surgical removal of kid stone through incision into kid |
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| Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy |
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| small incision is made into back and nephroscope crushes and removes kid stone |
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| surg suturing of a ureter |
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| surg removal of all or part of bladder |
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| surg fixation of bladder to abdominal wall |
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| incision to remove stone from bladder; also a physical examination position |
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| done for diagnostic purposes, control incontinence, place fluid (chemotherapy solution) into bladder |
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| tube is inserted into urethra to bladder |
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| remains in body for a prolonged time |
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| a cath placed into bladder through incision through abdom above pubic bone |
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| incision of the urinary meatus to enlarge it |
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| surg fixation of urethra; corrects stress incontinence |
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| surg creation of permanent opening b/w urethra and skin |
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| surg incision into urethra to relieve stricture |
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