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Medical Terminology
Final Exam Medical Definitions
110
Medical
Undergraduate 1
12/02/2008

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Term
acanthocyte
Definition
an abnormal red blood cell having variously shaped protoplasmic projections
Term
allostery
Definition
A phenomenon in which a small ligand binds to a receptor site ona protein, changes the shape of the protein and thus changes the specificityof a second site (either anotherreceptor or an enzyme activesite) on that protein.
Term
dysarthrosis
Definition
deformity or malformation of a joint.
Term
mesocardia
Definition
atypical location of the heart, with the apex in the midline of the thorax
Term
protobiology
Definition
The study of bacteriophages.
Term
toxicosis
Definition
A diseased condition resulting from poisoning.
Term
amphocyte
Definition
a cell staining with either acid or basic dyes
Term
allodynia
Definition
Pain from stimuli which are not normally painful. The pain may occur other than in the area stimulated. Allodynia means other pain.
Term
anastomosis
Definition
a surgical connection between two structures. It usually means a connection that is created between tubular structures, such as blood vessels or loops of intestine.
Term
gastrocele
Definition
hernia of part of the stomach
Term
hematoma
Definition
An abnormal localized collection of blood in which the blood is usually clotted or partially clotted and is usually situated within an organ or a soft tissue space, such as within a muscle.
Term
heteroprosopus
Definition
a conditoin of one head with two faces
Term
protogaster
Definition
the cavity from which the digestive tract
develops, literally, "the primitive stomach."
Term
achlorhydria
Definition
a stomach disorder in which the stomach fails to secrete hydrochloric acid
Term
antihypnotic
Definition
preventing or tending to prevent sleep, an arousing agent
Term
arachnodactyly
Definition
Arachnodactyly is a physical condition in which the fingers are long, slender, and curved, resembling a spider's legs
Term
helcoma
Definition
ulcer of the cornea of the eye
Term
mesoderm
Definition
the middle of the three germ layers, or masses of cells (lying between the ectoderm and endoderm), which appears early in the development of an animal embryo
Term
psychosomatic
Definition
Of or relating to a disorder having physical symptoms but originating from mental or emotional causes
Term
atelocardia
Definition
imperfect development of the heart.
Term
crinogenic
Definition
Stimulating a gland to increased function; causing secretion
Term
dysgraphia
Definition
a learning disability resulting from the difficulty in expressing thoughts in writing and graphing. It generally refers to extremely poor handwriting.
Term
iatrogenesis
Definition
is any adverse or physical condition induced in a patient through the effects of treatment by a physician or surgeon
Term
idiopathic
Definition
Of unknown cause. Any disease that is of uncertain or unknown origin may be termed idiopathic
Term
pathogenic
Definition
Causing disease or capable of doing it.
Term
cholemesis
Definition
vomiting of bile
Term
chromophobia
Definition
the quality of staining poorly with dyes.
Term
emetic
Definition
relating to or causing vomit
Term
hypophrenia
Definition
mental retardation
Term
osteophyte
Definition
a bony outgrowth or protuberance
Term
paracentesis
Definition
is a procedure to remove fluid that has accumulated in the abdominal cavity (peritoneal fluid), a condition called ascites
Term
parorexia
Definition
abnormal or disordered appetite
Term
polyphrasia
Definition
extreme talkativeness
Term
antaphrodisiac
Definition
an agent repressing or destroying sexual desire
Term
chromataphore
Definition
a cell containing pigment
Term
diaphoresis
Definition
Perspiration, especially when copious and medically induced
Term
diplegia
Definition
Paralysis of corresponding parts on both sides of the body
Term
endemic
Definition
Prevalent in or peculiar to a particular locality, region, or people
Term
epistaxis
Definition
bleeding from the nose
Term
hypertrichosis
Definition
growth of hairin excessof the norm
Term
osteosynthesis
Definition
A surgical procedure that stabilizes and joins the ends of fractured (broken) bones by mechanical devices such as metal plates, pins, rods, wires or screws.
Term
alloplasia
Definition
Development of cytologic and histologic elements that are not normal for the organ or part in question, as the growth of bone in a site where there is normally fibrous connective tissue.
Term
chronognosis
Definition
perception of thepassage of time
Term
hemiataxia
Definition
Loss of the ability to coordinate muscular movement on one side of body
Term
hemodynamics
Definition
the study of the dynamics of the blood circulation
Term
hypoplasia
Definition
underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or organ
Term
prognathous
Definition
having a projecting jaw
Term
thermanesthesia
Definition
inability to recognize sensations of heat and cold; loss or lack of temperature sense.
Term
capitulum
Definition
a small head or rounded articular extremity of a bone
Term
fistula
Definition
an abnormal connection between an organ, vessel, or intestine and another structure.
Term
frigotherapy
Definition
the use of cold temperatures in treatment. In a simple case, it
is the application of an ice-pack which can decrease cellular metabolism,
improve cellular survival, or decrease inflammation and pain. It is also called "cryotherapy."
Term
nonose
Definition
a sugar with nine carbon atoms
Term
occiput
Definition
the back of the head
Term
synovia
Definition
synovial fluid - joint - bursa fluid to ease friction in joints
Term
viremia
Definition
presence of a virus in bloodstream
Term
viscus
Definition
The soft internal organs of the body, especially those contained within the abdominal and thoracic cavities
Term
afferent
Definition
Carrying toward. A vein is an afferent vessel since it carries blood toward from the heart. An afferent nerve carries impulses toward the central nervous system.
Term
calorific
Definition
producing heat
Term
digiti
Definition
fingers or toes
Term
ductile
Definition
denoting the property of any material that allows it to be bent, drawn out, or otherwise deformed without breaking
Term
frigolabile
Definition
capable ofbeing destroyed by cold
Term
ingestant
Definition
a substance that is or may be taken into the body by mouth or thru the digestive system
Term
prolapsus
Definition
ptosis, the falling down or downward displacement of an organ
Term
relapse
Definition
return of the manifestations of a disease after an interval of improvement
Term
subfebrile
Definition
marginal fever-like characteristics
Term
amylolysis
Definition
hydrolysis of starch into soluble products
Term
arctation
Definition
a norrowing, contraction, stricture or coarctation
Term
cusp
Definition
a leaflet of one of the heart's valves
Term
ectopia cordis
Definition
congenital disorder in which heart is exposedon thoracic wall
Term
entopic
Definition
placed within, occuring in the "normal" place
Term
pectorphony
Definition
effects of sound traveling thru the body
Term
topagnosis
Definition
inability to localize tactile sensations
Term
venostasis
Definition
abnormally slow motion of blood in veins, usually with venous distention
Term
anthracosis
Definition
a disease of coalminers caused by the inhalation of coal dust
Term
bacterioloysin
Definition
an antibody that together with other substances destroys a bacterium
Term
coniosis
Definition
a diseased state due to inhalation of dust
Term
hypocapnia
Definition
condition in which a less than normal level of CO2 is found in the blood.
Term
paresis
Definition
condition typified by partial loss of movement or impaired movement.
Term
pneumatosis
Definition
abnormal accumulation of gas in any tissue
Term
pneumonolysis
Definition
dissolution of lung; loosening and separation of the lung from the chest cavity
Term
clysis
Definition
the administration other than orally of any of several solutions to replace lost body fluid, supply nutriment, or raise blood pressure
Term
creatorrhea
Definition
undigested muscle fibers in the feces; occurs with deficiency of trypsin in chronic exocrine pancreatic disease
Term
osmodysphoria
Definition
An abnormal dislike of certain odors.
Term
pseudosmia
Definition
Subjective sensation of an odour that is not present.
Term
rectostenosis
Definition
Stricture of the rectum or anus
Term
zymolysis
Definition
the fermentative action of enzymes
Term
achromatopsia
Definition
sever deficiency of color preception
Term
blepharism
Definition
a rapid blinking of the eye
Term
blepharostat
Definition
eye speculum
Term
dacryohemorrhea
Definition
bloody tears
Term
enophthalmos
Definition
recession of the eyeball within the orbit
Term
opthalmia neonatorum
Definition
a conjunctival inflammation occuring in first ten days of life - cause - gonorrhea
Term
palinopsia
Definition
reoccurance of a visual image after removal of the stimulus
Term
photopia
Definition
Vision in bright light, mediated by cone cells of the retina; daylight vision.
Term
polycoria
Definition
the presence of two or more pupils in one eye
Term
pseudopsia
Definition
visual hallucinations
Term
xeroma
Definition
excessive dryness of the conjunctive and cornea
Term
celiohysterectomy
Definition
the removal of the uterus thru the abdomen
Term
gravida macromastia
Definition
larger breasts during pregnancy
Term
hydrocolpos
Definition
a cyst that retains fluid in the vagina
Term
hyperemesis gravidarum
Definition
pernicious vomiting in pregnancy
Term
menostaxis
Definition
excess prolonged menstruation
Term
multigravida
Definition
a pregnant woman who has been pregnant before
Term
ovariocyesis
Definition
the implantation and development of a blastocyst in the ovary
Term
prosopotocia
Definition
the presentation of the baby's face in childbirth
Term
tocophobia
Definition
morbid dread of childbirth
Term
aglycemia
Definition
absence of sugar from the blood
Term
algolagnia
Definition
form of sexual perversion in shich experience of pain increases the pleasure of the sexual act
Term
cryalgesia
Definition
pain caused by cold
Term
oligospermia
Definition
deficiency of sperm in the semen
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