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Medical Terminology Specialties - Chapters 12,14,18 (wk 10)
PCC MP 111
99
Medical
Undergraduate 1
03/15/2010

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Term
ankyl/o
Definition
stiffness, bent, crooked
Term
arthr/o
Definition
joint
Term
astr/o
Definition
star
Term
ax/o
Definition
axis, axion
Term
cephal/o
Definition
head
Term
cerebell/o
Definition
cerebellum
Term
cerebr/o
Definition
cerebrum
Term
clon/o
Definition
clonus
Term
cortic/o
Definition
cortex
Term
crani/o
Definition
cranium, skull
Term
dendr/o
Definition
tree
Term
dur/o
Definition
dura mater, hard
Term
encepahl/o
Definition
brain
Term
gangli/o
Definition
ganglion
Term
gli/o
Definition
glue, neuroglia tissue
Term
kinesi/o
Definition
movement
Term
lex/o
Definition
word, phrase
Term
medull/o
Definition
medulla
Term
mening/o
Definition
meninges
Term
my/o
Definition
muscle
Term
myel/o
Definition
bone marrow, spinal cord
Term
narc/o
Definition
stupor, numbness, sleep
Term
neur/o
Definition
nerve
Term
olig/o
Definition
scanty
Term
orth/o
Definition
straight
Term
oste/o
Definition
bone
Term
phalang/o
Definition
phalanges (bones of fingers and toes)
Term
rachi/o
Definition
spine
Term
radicul/o
Definition
nerve root
Term
spin/o
Definition
spine
Term
spondyl/o
Definition
vertebrae (backbone)
Term
synapt/o
Definition
synapsis, point of contact
Term
tax/o
Definition
order, coordination
Term
ten/o
Definition
tendon
Term
tend/o
Definition
tendon
Term
tendin/o
Definition
tendon
Term
thalam/o
Definition
thalamus
Term
thec/o
Definition
sheath (usually refers to the meninges
Term
ton/o
Definition
tension
Term
ventricul/o
Definition
ventricle (of heart or brain)
Term
-asthenia
Definition
weakness, debility
Term
-esthesia
Definition
feeling
Term
-kinesia
Definition
movement
Term
-lepsy
Definition
seizure
Term
-paresis
Definition
partial paralysis
Term
-phasia
Definition
speech
Term
-plegia
Definition
paralysis
Term
-porosis
Definition
porous
Term
-trophy
Definition
development, nourishment
Term
bi-
Definition
two
Term
contra-
Definition
against
Term
inter-
Definition
between
Term
intra-
Definition
in, within
Term
para-
Definition
near, beside, beyond
Term
quad-
Definition
four
Term
quadri-
Definition
four
Term
uni-
Definition
one
Term
Alzheimer disease
Definition
brain disorder of unknown etiology marked by gradual, progressive deterioration of mental capacity (dementia) beginning in middle age
Term
aneurysm
Definition
a localized dilation of the wall of a blood vessel, usually an artery, due to a congenital defect or weakness in the vessel wall
Term
ankylosis
Definition
the stiffening and immobility of a joint as the result of disease, trauma, surgery or abnormal bone fusion
Term
carpal tunnel syndrome
Definition
a common, painful disorder produced by compression on the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist
Term
cerebrovascular accident
Definition
a sudden loss of neurologic function, caused by vascular injury to the brain, characterized by occlusion by an embolus, thrombus, or cerebrovascular hemorrhage resulting in a decrease in blood flow (ischemia) of the tissues to that area of the brain (also called a stroke)
Term
contusion
Definition
any mechanical injury (usually caused by a blow) resulting in hemorrhage beneath unbroken skin (also caused a bruise)
Term
dementia
Definition
a gradual, progressive, usually irreversible impairment of cognitive and intellectual function (cognition) that interferes with normal social and occupational activities
Term
gout
Definition
a form of arthritis (inflammation of a joint accompanied by pain, swelling, and frequently, changes in structure), caused by excessive uric acid in the body with damage to the synovial membrane and articular cartilage (usu. begins in the big toe).
Term
hematoma
Definition
a swelling composed of a mass of extravasated blood (usually clotted) confined to an organ, tissue, or space and caused by a break in a blood vessel
Term
hydrocephalus
Definition
increased accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain due to interference with normal circulation and absorption
Term
kyphosis
Definition
an abnormal curvature of a portion of the spine, commonly known as humpback or hunchback (kyph = hill, mountain + -osis = abnormal condition)
Term
lethargy
Definition
condition of sluggishness, abnormal inactivity, or a lack of response to normal stimuli
Term
lordosis
Definition
an abnormal inward curvature of a portion of the spine, commonly called swayback
Term
rhabdomyosarcoma
Definition
a highly malignant tumor derived from primitive striated muscle cells that occurs most frequently in the head and neck
Term
Romberg sign
Definition
inability to maintain the body balance when the eyes are shut and feet are close together
Term
scoliosis
Definition
an abnormal sideward curvature of the spine, either to the left or to the right (scoli = crooked, bent)
Term
syncope
Definition
a transient loss of consciousness due to inadequate blood flow to the brain; fainting
Term
tinnitus
Definition
noises in the ear, such as ringing, hissing whistling, roaring
Term
transient ischemic attack
Definition
(TIA or ministroke) brief episode of ischemia in the brain, causing neurologic dysfunction; symptoms vary with the site and degree of occlusion
Term
vertigo
Definition
the sensation of spinning or movement in which the world is revolving or the person is revolving in space, usually as a result of a disturbance of equilibrium in the inner ear
Term
bone scan
Definition
the injection of radiopharmaceuticals to enable visualization of a bone using the image produced by the emission of radioactive particles
Term
cerebrospinal fluid analysis
Definition
CSF obtained from a lumbar puncture is evaluated for the presence of blood, bacteria, malignant cells and the amount of protein and glucose present
Term
EEG
Definition
(electroencephalogram or electroencephalography) a graphic recording of the electrical activities of the brain (used to investigate epileptic states, to determine cerebral lesions or tumors and to determine cerebral death in comatose patients)
Term
electromyography
Definition
the process of recording the strength of the contraction of a muscle when it is stimulated by electric current
Term
ESR
Definition
erythrocyte sedimentary rate (or sed rate): test to measure the rate at which RBCs settle to the bottom of a narrow tube (elevated rates indicate inflammation)
Term
lumbar puncture
Definition
(spinal tap or spinal puncture) insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space of the spinal column at the level of the fourth intervertebral space to withdraw CSF, determine the pressure of the CSF or to administer intrathecal medications
Term
myelography
Definition
radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium into the spinal canal
Term
PET
Definition
(positron emission tomography) a procedure used to evaluate metabolic and physiological function of the brain in which radioactive substance is injected into a vein and a cross-sectional color-coded image produced on a screen reflecting the degree of metabolic activity occurring
Term
rheumatoid factor
Definition
(RF) blood test to detect the presence of the rheumatoid factor (antibodies often found in the serum of patients with a clinical diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis)
Term
uric acid test
Definition
test to measure the amount of uric acid in the blood (high levels of which are associated with gouty arthritis)
Term
anticonvulsants
Definition
drugs used to suppress seizures by changing the permeability of the neuron cell membrane so that it does not depolarize so readily
Term
antiepileptics
Definition
drugs used to suppress seizures by changing the permeability of the neuron cell membrane so that it does not depolarize so readily
Term
CNS
Definition
central nervous system
Term
CSF
Definition
cerebrospinal fluid
Term
CVA
Definition
cerebrovascular accident
Term
EEG
Definition
electroencephalogram or electroencephalography
Term
EMG
Definition
electromyography
Term
ESR
Definition
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Term
Fx
Definition
fracture, frozen section
Term
ORTHO
Definition
orthopedics
Term
ROM
Definition
range of motion
Term
TIA
Definition
transient ischemic attack
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