structural component of the nucleic acids & proteins

Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.

Thread like structures within the nucleus composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule that carries hereditary information encoded in genes

Each sperm & each egg has 23 unpaired chromosomes. After fertilization, each cell of the embryo then has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). In each pair of chromosomes, one chromosome is inherited from the father & the other from the mother.

Jellylike substance found within the cell membrane composed of proteins, salts, water, disolved gases, & nutrients

All cellular structures, including the nucleus & organelles, are embedded in cytoplasm.

deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA

molecule that holds genetic information capable of replicating & producing an exact copy whenever the cell devides

a muscular wall that devides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

Alternating contraction & relaxation of the diaphragm is essential to the breathing process.

sums of all physical & chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism

Metabolism includes the building up (anabolism) & breaking down (catabolism) of body constituents.

cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such as the nucleus (reproduction), ribosomes (protein synthesis), Golgi apparatus (removal of material from the cell), & lisomes (digestion)

The membranes of many organelles act as a site of chemical reactions.

the study of the nature of diseases, their causes, development, & consequences

Pathology as a branchof medicine includes the use of laboratory methods rather than clinical examination of signs & symptoms to study the cause, nature, & development of disease.

rythmic contraction & relaxation of the walls of a tubular organ to propel its contents onward

groups of cells that perform a specialized activity

covers surfaces of organs, lines cavities & canals, forms tubes & ducts, provides the secreting portions of glands, & makes up the epidermis of the skin. It is composed of cells arranged in a continuous sheet consisting of one or more layers.

supports & connects other tissues & organs. It is made up od diverse cell types, including fibroblasts, fat cells, & blood.

transmits electrocal impulses as it relays information throughout the entire body

a body posture used to locate anatomical parts in relation to eac other. In this position, the body is erect & the eyes are looking forward. The upper limbs hang to the sides, with the palms facing forward. The lower limbs are parallel, with toes pointing straight ahead. No matter how the body is actually positioned - standing or lying down, facing forward or backward - or how the limbs are actually placed, the positions & relationships of a structure are always described as if the body were in the anatomical position.

an imaginary flat surface that anatomists use to identify different sections of the body

Most commonly used planes of the body include:

midsagittal (median) right & left halves

coronal (frontal) anterior & posterior halves

transverse (horizontal) superior & inferior halves

four divisions of the lower torso used to show topographical location.

They provide a means of locating specific sites for descriptive & diagnostic purposes.

left hypochondriac reagion -- upper left reagion under the ribs

epigastric region -- region above the stomach

right hypochondriac region -- upper right region under the ribs

left lumbar region -- left middle lateral region

umbillical region -- region of the navel

right lumbar region -- right middle lateral region

left inguinal (iliac) region -- left lower lateral region

hypogastric region -- lower middle region under the navel

right inguinal (iliac) region -- right lower lateral region

Right Upper Quadrant

RUQ

major structures include:

right lobe of liver

gallbladder

part of pancreas

part of small & large intestines

Left Upper Quadrant

LUQ

major structures include:

left lobe of liver

stomach

spleen

part of pancreas

part of small & large intestines

Right Lower Quadrant

RLQ

major sturtures include:

part of the small & large intestines

appendix

right ovary

right fallopian tube

right ureter

Left Lower Quadrant

LLQ

major structures include:

part of small & large intestines

left ovary

left fallopian tube

left ureter

movement away from the midsagittal (median) plane of the body or one of its parts

movement toward the midsagittal (median) plane of the body or one of its parts

pertaining to the midline of the body or structure

superior

(cephalad)

inferior

(caudal)

away from the head, or toward the tail or lower part of a structure

nearer to the center (trunk of the body) or to the point of attachment to the body

further from the center (trunk of the body) or from the point of attachment to the body

anterior

(ventral)

front of the body

posterior

(dorsal)

pertaining to the viscera, or eternal organs, especially the abdominal organs

toward the surface of the body

(external)

away from the surface of the body

(internal)

a stable internal environment that provides a narrow range of temperature, water, acidity, & salt concentration

when homeostasis is disrupted & cells, tissues, organs, or systems are unable to function effectively

subjective indicators that is only experienced by the patient

the study of the cause or origin of disease or disorder

diagnosis

Dx

establishing the cause & nature of a disease

the prediction of the course of a disease & its probable outcome

any disease which cause is unknown

body defense against injury, infection, or allergy that is marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain, & sometimes loss of function

Inflammation is one mechanism used by the body to protect against invasion by foreign organisms & to repair injured tissue.

diseased

pertaining to a disease

branch of medicine concerned with the use of radioacti8ve substances for diagnosis, treatment, & research