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Medical Terminology Chapter 6
Pathology-Part 1
14
Medical
Undergraduate 1
02/09/2010

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Term
hemophilia
Definition
Hereditary blood disease in which blood-clotting time is prolonged due to a lack of one vital clotting factor.  It is transmitted by a sex-linked trait from females to males, appearing almost exclusively in males.
Term
hyperlipidemia
Definition
Condition of having too high a level of lipids such as cholesterol in the bloodstream.  A risk factor for developing atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.
Term
septicemia
Definition
Having bacteria of their toxins in the bloodstream.  Sepsis is a term that means putrefaction.  Commonly referred to as blood poisoning.
Term
anemia
Definition
A large group of conditions characterized by a reduction in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood; results in less oxygen reaching the tissues.
Term
aplastic anemia
Definition
Severe form of anemia that develops as a consequence of loss of functioning red bone marrow.  Results in a decrease in the number of all the formed elements.  Treatment may eventually require a bone marrow transplant.
Term
hemolytic anemia
Definition
An anemia that develops as the result of the excessive loos of erythrocytes.
Term
hemolytic reaction
Definition
The destruction of a patient's erythrocytes taht occurs when receiving a transfusion of an incompatible blood type.  Also called a transfusion reaction.
Term
hypochromic anemia
Definition
Anemia resulting from having insufficient hemoglobin in the erythrocytes.  Named because the hemoglobin molecule is responsible for the dark red color of the erythrocytes.
Term
iron-deficiency anemia
Definition
Anemia that results from having insufficient iron to manufacture hemoglobin.
Term
pernicious anemia
Definition
Anemia associated with insufficient absorbtion of vitamin B12 by the digestive system.  Vitamin B12 is necessary for erythrocyte production.
Term
polycythemia vera
Definition
Production of too many red blood cells by the bone marrow.  Blood becomes too thick to easily flow through the blood vessels.
Term
sickle cell anemia
Definition
A genetic disorder in which erythrocytes take on an abnormal crved or "sickle" shape.  These cells are fragile and are easily damaged, leading to a hemolytic anemia.
Term
thalassemia
Definition
A genetic disorder in which the body is unable to make functioning hemoglobin, resulting in anemia.
Term
leukemia
Definition
Cancer of the white blood cell-forming red bone marrow resulting in a large number of abnormal and immature white blood cells circulating in the blood.
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