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Medical Terminology Chapter 2
Terms from chapter 2
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Medical
Professional
06/16/2008

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Term
abdominal cavity
Definition
cavity that contains major organs of digestion.
Term
abdominopelvic cavity
Definition
abdominal and pelvic cavity
Term
adenectomy
Definition
surgical removal of glands
Term
adenoma
Definition
benign tumor of glandular origin or structure.
Term
adenomalacia
Definition
abnormal softening of glands
Term
adenosclerosis
Definition
abnormal hardening of glands
Term
adipose tissue
Definition
fatty tissues.
Term
anaplasia
Definition
change is structure of cells and in orientation to each other.
Term
anomaly
Definition
deviation from what is considered normal
Term
aplasia
Definition
defective development or congenital absence of organs or tissues
Term
anterior
Definition
pertaining to the front side
Term
caudal
Definition
towards the feet
Term
cephalic
Definition
towards the head
Term
communicable diseases
Definition
contagious diseases
Term
congenital disease
Definition
abnormal condition that exists at time of birth
Term
coronal
Definition
pertaining to the crown or head
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
material within cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
Term
deoxyribonucleic acid
Definition
primary genetic material of all cellular organisms
Term
distal
Definition
situated furthest away from the midline
Term
dorsal
Definition
back of the body
Term
dysplasia
Definition
abnormal or bad tissue development
Term
endemic
Definition
"ongoing pressence of diseases within a population, group, or area"
Term
endocrine glands
Definition
gland that secretes hormonesdirectly into the blood stream with no ducts
Term
epidemic
Definition
"sudden widespread outbreak of diseases within a population, group, or area"
Term
epigastric region
Definition
region above stomach
Term
epithelial tissue
Definition
protective covering for all external and internal surfaces of the body
Term
etiology
Definition
study of the cause of diseases
Term
exocrine glands
Definition
glands that secrete through ducts.
Term
genome
Definition
entire set of genes from one parent
Term
hemophilia
Definition
"group of heriditary bleeding disorders, which one of the factors needed to clot the blood is missing"
Term
histology
Definition
"study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues"
Term
heomeostasis
Definition
maintaining a constant internal environment
Term
hyperplasia
Definition
enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells
Term
hypertrophy
Definition
"general increase in the bulk of a part or organ, not due to tumor formation"
Term
hypocondriac
Definition
located on the sides covered by the ribs
Term
hypogastric
Definition
below the stomach
Term
hypoplasia
Definition
incomplete development of organs or tissues
Term
iatrogenic illness
Definition
illness caused from side effects of treatment
Term
idiopathic illness
Definition
illness without known causes
Term
iliac
Definition
located over the hipbones
Term
infectious diseases
Definition
illness caused by living pathogenic organisms
Term
inguinal
Definition
the groin area
Term
lumbar regions
Definition
near the inwards curve of the spine
Term
mesentery
Definition
fused double layer of parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
Term
midsagittal plane
Definition
vertical plane that divides the body in left and right halves.
Term
nosocomial
Definition
infection aqquired in a hospital or clinic
Term
nucleus
Definition
structure that controls activity and helps the cell divide
Term
pandemic
Definition
worldwide outbreak of diseases.
Term
pathology
Definition
study of structural or functional changes caused by diseases.
Term
pelvic region
Definition
contains the reproductive and excretory systems.
Term
peritoneum
Definition
multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity
Term
peritonitis
Definition
inflammation of the peritoneum
Term
phenylketonuria
Definition
genetic disorder where the essential digestive enzyme is missing
Term
physiology
Definition
study of the function of structures.
Term
posterior
Definition
"behind, or in back of"
Term
proximal
Definition
situated nearest to the midline
Term
retroperitoneal
Definition
behind the peritoneum
Term
thoracic cavity
Definition
the chest cavity which protects the heart and the lungs
Term
transverse plane
Definition
horizontal plane that divides the body into superior(upper) and inferior(lower) planes
Term
ventral
Definition
the front of the body
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